Glycated albumin and its variability as an indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy development in type 2 diabetic patients

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the associations between glycemic parameters and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Mean GA and GA variability over 2 years
Mean GA (%)	1.35 (1.23–1.48)	<0.001			1.14 (1.02–1.28)	0.027
Adjusted SD of GA (%)			2.72 (2.06–3.58)	<0.001	2.23 (1.62–3.07)	<0.001
Mean GA (%)	1.35 (1.23–1.48)	<0.001			1.27 (1.15–1.41)	<0.001
%CV of GA			1.22 (1.15–1.30)	<0.001	1.18 (1.11–1.26)	<0.001
Mean HbA1c and HbA1c variability over 2 years
Mean HbA1c (%)	3.21 (2.22–4.63)	<0.001			2.03 (1.29–3.20)	0.002
Adjusted SD of HbA1c (%)			20.20 (7.97–51.21)	<0.001	6.60 (2.05–21.24)	0.002
Mean HbA1c (%)	3.21 (2.22–4.63)	<0.001			2.36 (1.59–3.51)	<0.001
%CV of HbA1c			1.26 (1.17–1.36)	<0.001	1.17 (1.07–1.27)	<0.001

Adjusted SD = SD/[n/(n − 1)]^0.5, where n is the number of HbA1c or GA measurements
All models were adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, fasting c-peptide, use of insulin, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, smoking status
Model 1 was additionally adjusted for mean value over 2 years
Model 2 was additionally adjusted for the parameters of glycemic variability
Model 3 was additionally adjusted for both mean value over 2 years and the parameters of glycemic variability
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation, CV coefficient of variance

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