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Table 1 Clinical characteristics, plasma (apo)lipoproteins, paraoxonase-1 activity, inflammation markers and anti-inflammatory capacity of high density lipoproteins in 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in 36 non-diabetic subjects, and univariate correlation coefficients with the HDL anti-inflammatory capacity in all subjects combined

From: The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is impaired in type 2 diabetes: role of hyperglycemia, paraoxonase-1 and low grade inflammation

 

T2DM subjects

(n = 40)

Non-diabetic subjects

(n = 36)

P value*

Correlation coefficient with HDL anti-inflammatory capacity

P value**

Age (years)

60 ± 10

52 ± 9

< 0.001

0.008

0.94

Sex (men/women)

19/21

8/28

0.039

  

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

145 ± 20

129 ± 20

0.001

0.253

0.028

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

87 ± 9

81 ± 12

0.039

0.184

0.054

BMI (kg/m2)

28.9 ± 4.9

25.2 ± 4.1

0.001

0.302

0.008

Waist (cm)

99 ± 14

83 ± 13

 

0.375

0.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

8.8 ± 2.3

5.6 ± 0.7

< 0.001

0.614

< 0.001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

50 ± 8

34 ± 3

< 0.001

0.432

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.54 ± 0.97

5.58 ± 0.89

0.87

− 0.024

0.84

Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.24 ± 1.05

3.98 ± 1.00

0.27

0.072

0.54

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.41 ± 0.88

3.38 ± 0.88

0.91

− 0.024

0.84

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.30 ± 0.39

1.60 ± 0.35

0.001

− 0.242

0.035

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.67 (1.22–2.16)

1.15 (0.88–1.75)

0.004

0.258

0.025

ApoB (g/L)

0.97 ± 0.24

0.88 ± 0.22

0.095

0.120

0.30

ApoA-I (g/L)

1.36 ± 0.26

1.48 ± 0.20

0.038

− 0.140

0.22

PON-1 activity (U/L)

111.2 ± 38.1

131.2 ± 36.3

0.023

− 0.291

0.011

hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.58 (0.99–2.85)

0.94 (0.42–2.47)

0.043

0.253

0.029

SAA (mg/L)

1.71 (1.25–2.48)

1.58 (0.82–2.18)

0.25

0.211

0.067

TNF-α (ng/L)

3.50 (2.80–5.20)

2.95 (2.40–3.48)

0.005

0.240

0.038

HDL anti-inflammatory capacity (fold increase in VCAM-1 mRNA expression)

3.18 (2.17–4.33)

1.05 (0.63–1.38)

< 0.001

  
  1. Data are mean ± SD or medians (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; apo, apolipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoproteins; apo, apolipoprotein; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low density lipoproteins; PON-1, paraoxonase-1; SAA, serum amyloid A; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. LDL cholesterol was calculated in 38 T2DM subjects and in 35 non-diabetic subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients are shown with loge transformed values of triglycerides, hs-CRP, SAA, TNF-α and HDL anti-inflammatory capacity (higher values indicate lower anti-inflammatory capacity). P value*: P value for the difference between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects; P value**: P value for the correlation coefficient