Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the CAD vs non-CAD groups

Age (years)

60.9 ± 6.6

58.2 ± 6.3

59.6 ± 9.0

57.8 ± 6.4

Male (%)

31 (77.5)

17 (56.7)

11 (68.8)

7 (53.8)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.9 ± 2.9

24.7 ± 3.0

26.2 ± 2.0

24.5 ± 2.6

LVEF (%)

58.1 ± 9.3

56.2 ± 9.5

62.0 ± 7.9

60.5 ± 5.7

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

6.2 (5.7, 7.8)

5.4 (5.0, 6.5)

6.6 (5.6, 7.5)

6.2 (5.1, 8.1)

Glycosylated serum protein (%)

15.2 (13.8, 18.3)

15.1 (13.8, 18.5)

17.4 (13.4, 19.4)

14.7 (13.6, 15.7)

Fasting insulin(uU/mL)

36.1 (24.4, 53.3)

24.1 (13.4, 36.2)

35.2 (18.8, 74.4)

21.7 (14.0, 32.1)

HOMA-IR

9.8 (6.7, 15.2)

6.1 (3.4, 10.0)

9.0 (6.4, 26.2)

5.1 (3.6, 9.6)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.5 (1.0, 2.4)

1.5 (1.0, 1.9)

1.9 (1.1, 2.5)

1.2 (0.7, 1.7)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.0 ± 1.1

4.7 ± 0.9*

4.1 ± 1.1

4.6 ± 0.8

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

1.2 (0.9, 1.5)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.2 (0.8, 1.4)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.6 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 0.9*

2.4 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 0.8

hsCRP (mg/L)

1.8 (0.9, 3.1)

1.3 (0.5, 4.0)

2.2 (1.0, 3.0)

1.2 (0.5, 3.0)

SFRP4 (ng/mL)

16.8 ± 3.3

14.5 ± 2.3**

15.7 ± 3.2

13.3 ± 2.4^¶

Hypertension (%)

19 (47.5)

9 (30.0)

6 (37.5)

5 (38.5)

T₂DM (%)

14 (35.0)

6 (20.0)

7 (43.8)

2 (15.4)

Smoking (%)

16 (40.0)

7 (23.3)

6 (37.5)

2 (15.4)

Aspirin (%)

34 (85.0)

4 (13.3)**

13 (81.3)

3 (23.1)^§

Nitrates (%)

38 (95.0)

5 (16.7)**

15 (93.8)

3 (23.1)^§

ACEI/ARB (%)

14 (35.0)

5 (16.7)

4 (25.0)

2 (15.4)

Statins (%)

23 (57.5)

5 (16.7)**

7 (43.8)

1 (7.7)^¶

β-Blockers (%)

17 (42.5)

6 (20.0)

8 (50.0)

3 (23.1)

Calcium channel blockers (%)

10 (25.0)

2 (6.7)

4 (25.0)

1 (7.7)

Hypoglycemic agents (%)

13 (32.5)

5 (16.7)

7 (43.8)

2 (15.4)