Table 3 Characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for stroke admissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic patients, according to year of study (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014)

N (%)^a,b

10,794 (100)

10,794 (100)

NA

14,600 (100)

14,600 (100)

NA

17,283 (100)

17,283 (100)

NA

17,559 (100)

17,559 (100)

NA

Age adjusted rate per 100.000 inhabitants^a

56.27

NA

NA

69.53

NA

NA

75.79

NA

NA

71.98

NA

NA

Male sex, n (%)

5706 (52.86)

5706 (52.86)

NA

7795 (53.39)

7795 (53.39)

NA

9345 (54.07)

9345 (54.07)

NA

9581 (54.56)

9581 (54.56)

NA

Age, mean (SD)^a,b

73.17 (9.75)

73.17 (9.75)

NA

74.15 (10.3)

74.15 (10.3)

NA

74.84 (10.66)

74.84 (10.66)

NA

75.35 (11.06)

75.35 (11.06)

NA

40–59 years, n (%)

1071 (9.92)

1071 (9.92)

NA

1467 (10.05)

1467 (10.05)

NA

1743 (10.09)

1743 (10.09)

NA

1865 (10.62)

1865 (10.62)

NA

60–69 years, n (%)

2386 (22.1)

2386 (22.1)

2695 (18.46)

2695 (18.46)

3027 (17.51)

3027 (17.51)

3046 (17.35)

3046 (17.35)

70–79 years, n (%)

4436 (41.1)

4436 (41.1)

5593 (38.31)

5593 (38.31)

5923 (34.27)

5923 (34.27)

5224 (29.75)

5224 (29.75)

≥ 80 years, n (%)

2901 (26.88)

2901 (26.88)

4845 (33.18)

4845 (33.18)

6590 (38.13)

6590 (38.13)

7424 (42.28)

7424 (42.28)

CCI, mean (SD)^a,b

2.55 (0.74)

1.51 (0.71)

< 0.01

2.64 (0.79)

1.56 (0.75)

< 0.01

2.69 (0.81)

1.62 (0.78)

< 0.01

2.86 (0.87)

1.8 (0.84)

< 0.01

Smoking, n (%)^a,b

1414 (13.1)

1566 (14.51)

0.001

2591 (17.75)

2988 (20.47)

< 0.01

3440 (19.9)

3675 (21.26)

< 0.01

3719 (21.18)

4053 (23.08)

< 0.01

Obesity, n (%)^a,b

617 (5.72)

339 (3.14)

< 0.01

1171 (8.02)

622 (4.26)

< 0.01

1638 (9.48)

873 (5.05)

< 0.01

1985 (11.3)

1056 (6.01)

< 0.01

Hypertension, n (%)^a,b

6470 (59.94)

5309 (49.18)

< 0.01

9841 (67.4)

7942 (54.4)

< 0.01

11,799 (68.27)

9688 (56.06)

< 0.01

11,818 (67.3)

9804 (55.83)

< 0.01

Lipid metabolism disorders, n (%)^a,b

770 (7.13)

488 (4.52)

< 0.01

2449 (16.77)

1614 (11.05)

< 0.01

4960 (28.7)

3402 (19.68)

< 0.01

6801 (38.73)

4481 (25.52)

< 0.01

Renal diseases, n (%)^a,b

511 (4.73)

376 (3.48)

< 0.01

988 (6.77)

625 (4.28)

< 0.01

1634 (9.45)

1009 (5.84)

< 0.01

2233 (12.72)

1410 (8.03)

< 0.01

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)^a,b

2045 (18.95)

2275 (21.08)

< 0.01

3242 (22.21)

3360 (23.01)

0.065

4222 (24.43)

4395 (25.43)

0.016

4698 (26.76)

4771 (27.17)

0.314

CHF, n (%)^a,b

503 (4.66)

486 (4.5)

0.579

902 (6.18)

707 (4.84)

< 0.01

1211 (7.01)

1065 (6.16)

0.001

1291 (7.35)

1039 (5.92)

< 0.01

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)^a,b

254 (2.35)

358 (3.32)

< 0.01

404 (2.77)

472 (3.23)

0.013

523 (3.03)

604 (3.49)

0.010

567 (3.23)

727 (4.14)

< 0.01

HD/DP, n (%)^a

32 (0.3)

18 (0.17)

0.051

58 (0.4)

31 (0.21)

0.004

73 (0.42)

51 (0.3)

0.049

99 (0.56)

47 (0.27)

< 0.01

Fibrinolysis, n (%)^a,b

15 (0.14)

22 (0.2)

0.253

109 (0.75)

221 (1.51)

0.000

569 (3.29)

880 (5.09)

< 0.01

812 (4.62)

1220 (6.95)

< 0.01

Decompressive craniectomy, n (%)^b

31 (0.29)

31 (0.29)

0.502

29 (0.2)

35 (0.24)

0.454

47 (0.27)

70 (0.41)

0.035

53 (0.3)

81 (0.46)

0.015

Carotid endarterectomy, n (%)^a

31 (0.29)

41 (0.38)

0.227

33 (0.23)

50 (0.34)

0.064

82 (0.47)

62 (0.36)

0.088

85 (0.48)

80 (0.46)

0.694

Carotid angioplasty, n (%)^a,b

0 (0)

0 (0)

NA

29 (0.2)

24 (0.16)

0.485

68 (0.39)

101 (0.58)

0.011

125 (0.71)

150 (0.85)

0.125

LHS, mean (SD)^a,b

12.9 (15.1)

12.65 (16.45)

0.254

12.14 (14.63)

11.92 (15.54)

0.204

11.22 (14.56)

11.22 (15.87)

0.977

9.82 (11.75)

10.02 (12.18)

0.119

In-hospital mortality, n (%)^a,b

1616 (14.97)

1692 (15.68)

0.135

2261 (15.49)

2258 (15.47)

0.960

2582 (14.94)

2568 (14.86)

0.826

2506 (14.27)

2438 (13.88)

0.272