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Table 4 Comparison of the effects on other parameters between vildagliptin and high-dose metformin

From: The effects of vildagliptin compared with metformin on vascular endothelial function and metabolic parameters: a randomized, controlled trial (Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 3)

Variables

Vilda (n = 46)

High met (n = 43)

p value

Baseline

After 12 weeks

Baseline

After 12 weeks

BMI (kg/m2)

25.8 ± 4.1

25.6 ± 4.3

25.8 ± 4.6

25.4 ± 4.6**

0.25

SBP (mmHg)

127.5 ± 11.3

126.4 ± 9.9

127.2 ± 12.5

127.8 ± 11.1

0.51

DBP (mmHg)

74.7 ± 9.1

73.1 ± 8.2

76.0 ± 10.6

75.8 ± 9.4

0.51

Cardiovascular functions

 cSBP (mmHg)a

138.2 ± 17.2

134.0 ± 16.5**

136.8 ± 20.3

131.0 ± 16.7**

0.52

 Augmentation index (%)

26.5 (− 38.0 to 88.0)

24.0 (− 19.0 to 69.0)

17.0 (− 9.0 to 68.0)

20.0 (− 12.0 to 57.0)

0.83

 RHIa

1.74 (1.16 to 3.52)

1.77 (1.15 to 4.32)

1.73 (0.86 to 3.16)

1.73 (0.95 to 3.99)

0.37

Biochemical parameters

 FPG (mM/L)

7.8 ± 1.3

6.6 ± 0.9**

8.0 ± 1.2

7.2 ± 1.0**

0.09

 Hemoglobin A1c (%)

7.25 (6.60 to 8.40)

6.45 (5.70 to 7.20)**

7.20 (6.40 to 8.70)

6.80 (6.00 to 8.20)**

< 0.01

 IRI (µU/mL)

5.8 (1.1 to 17.3)

6.1 (1.3 to 21.5)

5.0 (1.0 to 18.8)

5.1 (1.0 to 16.7)

0.92

 Proinsulin/IRI ratio

0.66 (0.19 to 2.12)

0.50 (0.20 to 0.98)**

0.63 (0.24-2.20)

0.56 (0.07-2.04)**

0.19

 HOMA-IRa

1.88 (0.32 to 5.81)

1.74 (0.33 to 6.00)*

1.80 (0.28 to 9.19)

1.64 (0.22 to 6.72)

0.45

 Glucagon (pg/mL)

164 (114 to 337)

155 (112 to 290)

170 (105 to 325)

158 (105 to 275)*

0.73

 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

107.9 (55.6 to 185.0)

100.5 (42.2 to 160.4)*

105.8 (53.2 to 180.2)

99.2 (40 to 170.3)*

0.64

 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

52.0 (28.0 to 87.0)

49.5 (28.0 to 85.0)

55.0 (35.0 to 105.0)

52.0 (35.0 to 98.0)

0.75

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

102.5 (46.0 to 289.0)

106.0 (48.0 to 241.0)

104.0 (27.0 to 369.0)

102.0 (24.0 to 565.0)

0.38

 ApoA1 (mg/L)

139 (95 to 227)

142 (100 to 224)

150 (103 to 224)

146 (112 to 223)

0.14

 ApoB (mg/L)

91 (49 to 148)

87 (32 to 131)**

92 (47 to 145)

89 (52 to 146)

0.06

 ApoB/ApoA1 ratio

0.66 (0.29 to 1.13)

0.62 (0.21 to 1.29)**

0.60 (0.31 to 1.13)

0.60 (0.30 to 1.15)

0.27

 Adiponectin (µg/mL)a

6.25 (1.90 to 13.10)

6.80 (1.90 to 15.50)**

6.45 (1.60 to 16.90)

5.90 (1.90 to 16.90)

< 0.01

 NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

31 (6 to 294)

26 (6 to 414)

26 (5 to 209)

24 (5 to 169)

0.27

 TNF-α (pg/mL)b

1.10 (0.70 to 2.10)

1.10 (0.60 to 2.40)

1.25 (0.60 to 1.90)

1.05 (0.60 to 2.10)*

0.15

 log hsCRP (ng/mL)

2.88 ± 0.54

2.86 ± 0.54

2.74 ± 0.48

2.63 ± 0.48*

0.19

 log albuminuria (mg/g.Cre)

1.04 (0.32 to 2.51)

0.93 (0.41 to 2.67)

0.98 (0.53 to 2.38)

0.85 (0.45 to 2.59)*

0.18

Oxidative stress

 d-ROMs

334.5 (230 to 525)

344.0 (197 to 527)

319 (205 to 488)

318 (143 to 494)

0.69

 BAP

2369 (1853 to 3085)

2410 (1806 to 4201)

2447 (1470 to 4622)

2445 (1113 to 3676)

0.30

  1. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, cSBP centric systolic blood pressure, RHI reactive hyperemia index, FPG fasting blood glucose, IRI immunoreactive insulin, ApoB apolipoprotein B, ApoA1 apolipoprotein A1, NT-proBNP N terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, d-ROMs reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds, BAP biological antioxidant potential
  2. Values are mean ± SD or median (range). p value mean changes between baseline and the end of the study (Welch’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 between baseline and the end of the study (paired-sample t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test)
  3. aData from 88 patients (Vilda, N = 45; high-Met, N = 43)
  4. bData from 88 patients (Vilda, N = 46; high-Met, N = 42)