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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Relation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Variables

All cases n = 684

CAD (+)

CAD (+)

p value among the 4 groups

DM (+) n = 60

DM (−) n = 90

p value between the 2 groups

DM (+) n = 118

DM (−) n = 416

p value between the 2 groups

Male/female, n (%)

470 (69)/214 (31)

54 (90)/6 (10)

79 (88)/11 (12)

0.674

83 (70)/35 (30)

254 (61)/162 (39)

0.732

< 0.0001

Age (years)

62 ± 14

65 ± 10.3

64 ± 11.3

0.529

68 ± 113

60 ± 16

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.1 ± 3.9

24.6 ± 3.5

24.4 ± 3.8

0.810

24.7 ± 4.1

23.7 ± 4.0

0.001

0.050

BMI ≥ 30, n (%)

51 (7.5)

4 (6.7)

5 (5.6)

0.911

13 (11.3)

30 (7.2)

0.049

0.384

Hypertension, n (%)

479 (70)

51 (85)

66 (73)

0.078

85 (72)

279 (67)

0.302

0.027

Cigarette smoking, n (%)

103 (15)

8 (13)

9 (10)

0.544

18 (15)

67 (16)

0.939

0.554

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

458 (67)

60 (100)

71 (82)

0.0005

107 (91)

216 (52)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Hyperuricemia

130 (19)

13 (25)

20 (22)

0.589

21 (18)

71 (17)

0.670

0.423

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

70.4 ± 18.5

68.8 ± 14.0

69.0 ± 16.0

0.278

72.6 ± 20.4

70.3 ± 19.1

0.307

0.467

CKD stage 3 ≥, n (%)

192 (28)

15 (25)

28 (31)

0.401

30 (25)

116 (28)

0.562

0.697

CAD, n (%)

150 (22)

     

–

–

Effort AP/OMI

46/104

17 (28)/43 (78)

29 (32)/62 (68)

0.613

–

–

–

–

BNP (pg/mL)

23.1 (11.1/46.3)

32.5 (15.2/53.2)

35.5 (13.7/71.0)2

0.407

28.9 (15.1/75.4)1

19.4 (9.8/38.6)

0.081

0.0162

Cerebral Infarction, n (%)

20 (2.9)

2 (3.3)

3 (3.3)

0.705

8 (6.8)

7(1.7)

0.003

0.036

Peripheral arterial disease, n (%)

10 (1.5)

2 (3.3)

2 (2.2)

0.696

5 (4.2)

1 (0.2)

0.0005

0.006

HbA1c (%)

5.94 ± 0.77

6.83 ± 1.123,4

5.70 ± 0.34

< 0.0001

6.68 ± 0.863,4

5.64 ± 0.42

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Duration of diabetes (years)*

–

5.3 (3.3/9.8)

–

6.2 (4.3/7.5)–

–

–

  

Concomitant drugs (%)

 Antiplatelets

190 (27.8)

55 (92)

69 (77)

0.017

60 (25)

37 (8.9)

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

 ACE inhibitors

52 (7.6)

11 (18)

14 (16)

0.655

6 (5.1)

21 (5.0)

0.770

< 0.0001

 ARBs

271 (40)

22 (37)

30 (33)

0.674

54 (46)

165 (40)

0.129

0.312

 β Blockers

144 (21)

25 (42)

21 (23)

0.017

27 (23)

71 (17)

0.070

0.0002

 Calcium channel blockers

316 (46)

32 (53)

46 (51)

0.790

54 (46)

184 (44)

0.974

0.430

 Statins

318 (46)

53 (88)

66 (73)

0.026

59 (50)

140 (34)

0.002

< 0.0001

 Fibrates

13 (1.9)

10 (1.7)

1 (1.1)

0.771

7 (5.9)

4 (1.0)

0.002

0.006

 Sulfonylurea

48 (7.0)

24 (40)

–

–

23(19)

–

–

–

 Metformin

19 (2.8)

8 (10)

–

–

–12 (10)

–

–

 

 α-Glucosidase inhibitor

45 (6.6)

20 (33)

–

–

23 (19)

–

–

–

 Thiazolidine

21 (3.1)

11 (18)

–

–

8 (6.8)

–

–

–

 Insulin

4 (0.7)

1 (1.7)

–

–

3 (2.5)

–

–

–

  1. ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction were performed to test between-group differences
  2. BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomelular flow rate; CKD chronic kidney disease, CAD coronary artery disease, AP angina pectoris, OMI old myocardial infarction, Hb hemoglobin, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
  3. * Median interquartile range in parentheses
  4. 1p < 0.05, 2 p < 0.01, 3 p < 0.0001 vs. CAD (−) DM (−) group
  5. 4p < 0.0001 vs. CAD (+) DM (−) group
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840