Fig. 9

Liraglutide suppressed the hyperglycemia-enhanced vascular expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors after arterial injury. Uninjured and injured femoral arteries of wild-type and db/db mice were collected 7 days after wire injury. Gene expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR; a–e vascular expression of Il-1, Il-6, Mcp-1, Tnf-α, and Tgf-β. Data represent the relative expression levels of target genes normalized to that of 18S rRNA, n = 6–8 per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. uninjured artery; ^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01 vs. vehicle; Il, interleukin; Mcp-1, monocyte chemotactic protein; Tnf, tumor necrosis factor; Tgf, transforming growth factor