Fig. 4

Early short, but not delayed, treatment with liraglutide is effective in suppressing restenosis. Liraglutide (17 nmol/kg/day) was administered to mice at different initiation times and durations: Days 1–29 (full), Days 1–14 (Early), and Days 15–29 (Delayed). Changes in morphometry and cell proliferation were evaluated on Day 29; a scheme of the experimental design; b representative images of cross-sections of femoral arteries (EVG, 200 ×); c neointimal area; d medial area; e arterial perimeter; f intima to media (I/M) ratio; g representative images of injured arteries showing Ki-67 immunostaining (200 ×); h, i percentage of Ki-67-positive cells to total cells in the neointima and media, respectively. The averages of three serial cross-sections were used as single data points. Arrows indicate the neointima, and arrowheads indicate Ki-67-positive cells; d–f: n = 6 for vehicle and full treatment; n = 9 for early short treatment; n = 8 for delayed treatment; i, j: n = 5 per group; *p < 0.05