Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by group [mean (±SD) except were skewed data in which case geometric mean (IQ range) presented]

Age (years)

64 [58–69]

68 [63–74]^a

65 [59–71]^b

69 [64–47]^{a, c}

Gender (M/F)

81/80

136/47

130/92

133/44

Height (m)

1.69 (±0.1)

1.69 (±0.1)

1.69 (±0.1)

1.70 (±0.1)

Weight (kg)

76.0 (±13.7)

80.0 (±12.7)

91.7 (±16.5)^{a, b}

90.2 (±16.6)^{a, b}

BMI (kg m⁻²)

26.59 (±4.19)

27.89 (±3.84)

31.93 (±5.59)^{a, b}

30.98 (±4.93)^{a, b}

Systolic BP (mmHg)

137.5 (±18.2)

136.5 (±17.7)

137.2 (±14.9)

135.4 (±15.4)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

79.2 (±8.9)

76.1 (±8.8)^a

78.2 (±7.8)

74.1 (±8.6)^{a, c}

MAP (mmHg)

98.7 (±11.0)

96.2 (±10.6)

97.8 (±8.9)

94.5 (±9.2)^{a, c}

On anti-hypertensive (%)

50.3

86.3

79.7

94.3

ABPI right leg

1.15 (±0.16)

1.11 (±0.19)

1.16 (±0.16)

1.12 (±0.26)

ABPI Left leg

1.13 (±0.14)

1.11 (±0.16)

1.15 (±0.16)

1.10 (±0.25)

Total cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)

5.4 [4.8–6.01]

4 [3.5–4.7]^a

4.08 [3.5–4.64]^a

3.7 [3.26–4.1]^{a, b, c}

LDL cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)

3.18 [2.7–3.8]

1.97 [1.6–2.54]^a

1.9 [1.45–2.56]^a

1.74 [1.41–2.04]^{a, b, c}

HDL cholesterol (mmol L⁻¹)

1.54 [1.29–1.9]

1.33 [1.1–1.66]^a

1.23 [1.07–1.45]^{a, b}

1.15 [0.93–1.36]^{a, b}

On statin (%)

14.4

90.0

72.3

89.3

CKD STAGE N (%)

 3

8 (4.97%)

25 (13.66%)

21 (9.46%)

40 (22.60%)

 4

1 (0.62%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

4 (2.26%)

 5

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

HbA1c (mmol mol⁻¹)

39 [37–41]

40 [38–42]

57 [49–66]^{a, b}

57 [50–69]^{a, b}

ACR (mg/mmol)

0.59 [0.41–0.93]

0.61 [0.4–1.14]

0.78 [0.5–1.5]^{a, b}

0.93 [0.5–2.15]^{a, b}