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Table 1 Description of the KORA F4 study population stratified by quarters of SFRP5 serum concentrations

From: Inverse associations between serum levels of secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5) and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors: KORA F4 study

Variable

Quarter 1

Quarter 2

Quarter 3

Quarter 4

P

n

274

274

274

274

 

SFRP5 (ng/ml)

29.48 (23.88; 33.71)

44.54 (41.02; 48.23)

58.92 (55.58; 63.24)

79.78 (72.17; 89.54)

<0.001

Age (years)

69.7 ± 5.1

70.3 ± 5.4

69.7 ± 5.3

71.2 ± 5.7

0.001

Sex (% male)

45.3

56.6

53.3

50.7

0.281

BMI (kg/m2)

30.6 ± 4.6

29 ± 4.3

28.1 ± 4.2

27.3 ± 4.0

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

102.2 ± 12.4

99.4 ± 12.0

97.3 ± 12.2

94.6 ± 11.1

<0.001

Fasting glucose (mmol/l)a

5.6 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.9

5.4 ± 0.6

5.4 ± 0.6

<0.001

2-h glucose (mmol/l)a

7.5 ± 2.2

7.2 ± 2.4

6.8 ± 2.1

7.1 ± 2.4

0.002

HbA1c (%)a

5.68 ± 0.37

5.66 ± 0.51

5.60 ± 0.33

5.55 ± 0.35

<0.001

Fasting insulin (µU/ml)a,b

6.0 (4.2; 10.4)

5.0 (3.3; 8.8)

4.6 (3.2; 7.5)

4.6 (3.0; 7.4)

0.007

2-h insulin (µU/ml)a,b

65.7 (38.3; 105.9)

57.2 (33.7; 91.2)

50.0 (28.2; 77.7)

49.1 (25.1; 82.5)

0.001

HOMA-IRa,b

1.46 (1.00; 2.68)

1.22 (0.79; 2.23)

1.09 (0.73; 1.95)

1.07 (0.69; 1.87)

0.002

ISI (composite) (1/((mmol/l) × (pmol/l)))a,b

12.74 (8.01; 22.52)

16.77 (9.22; 25.63)

18.74 (11.18; 29.59)

18.64 (10.41; 35.77)

<0.001

HOMA-βa

59.13 (41.51; 108.17)

52.46 (33.88; 87.64)

52.97 (35.95; 87.21)

50.93 (33.71; 90.09)

0.170

Glucose tolerance status: NGT/IFG/IGT/IFG and IGT/ndT2D/T2D (%)

29.2/19.7/12.8/12.4/6.2/19.7

34.7/23.7/9.9/10.9/5.8/15.0

48.9/15.7/7.3/11.3/5.1/11.7

44.2/16.1/9.9/10.2/9.1/10.6

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)c

131.3 ± 17.6

130.2 ± 15.9

128 ± 19.5

125.4 ± 20.8

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)c

76.8 ± 9.4

76.8 ± 8.8

75.7 ± 9.8

74.0 ± 9.4

0.009

Hypertension (%)

61.7

64.2

60.6

63.9

0.782

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)d

3.81 ± 0.86

3.78 ± 0.87

3.84 ± 0.96

3.75 ± 0.89

0.334

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)d

1.4 ± 0.38

1.42 ± 0.35

1.45 ± 0.35

1.53 ± 0.40

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/l)b,d

1.36 (0.92; 1.89)

1.25 (0.98; 1.80)

1.27 (0.95; 1.72)

1.23 (0.89; 1.64)

0.026

Use of lipid-lowering drugs (%)

22.6

25.5

24.1

25.7

0.373

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)

78.9 ± 13.0

77.5 ± 14.9

76.8 ± 14.9

72.4 ± 16.4

<0.001

Smoking (never/former/current) (%)

49.3/43.4/7.3

49.3/42.0/8.8

46.0/46.0/8.0

50.7/43.1/6.2

0.992

Physically active (%)

46.0

51.1

52.2

50.7

0.270

Alcohol consumption (none/moderate/high) (%)

36.5/53.6/9.9

27.4/62.4/10.2

33.9/56.9/9.1

29.9/61.3/8.8

0.170

hs C-reactive protein (mg/l)b

2.25 (1.04; 4.38)

1.46 (0.89; 2.91)

1.38 (0.75; 2.82)

1.39 (0.62; 2.75)

<0.001

IL-6 (pg/ml)b

1.81 (1.21; 2.67)

1.63 (1.17; 2.45)

1.57 (1.08; 2.34)

1.52 (0.98; 2.26)

0.001

IL-1 receptor antagonist (pg/ml)b

344 (263; 446)

300 (235; 391)

303 (229; 379)

296 (232; 392)

<0.001

Adiponectin (µg/ml)b

9.43 (6.13; 14.02)

8.68 (6.07; 13.59)

10.44 (7.37; 14.86)

11.80 (8.27; 18.08)

<0.001

  1. Data are given as mean ± SD, median and 25th; 75th percentiles or percentages, unless indicated otherwise. P values are adjusted for age and sex using linear regression analysis. The analysis for age is adjusted for sex only, the analysis for sex is adjusted for age only
  2. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA homeostasis model assessment, hs high-sensitivity, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, IL interleukin, ISI insulin sensitivity index, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ndT2D newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, NGT normal glucose tolerance, T2D type 2 diabetes
  3. aIndividuals with known type 2 diabetes (n = 156) excluded
  4. bVariables were log2-transformed for the linear regression analysis
  5. cIndividuals with anti-hypertensive medication (n = 627) excluded
  6. dIndividuals with lipid-lowering medication (n = 270) excluded
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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