The effect of exercise training on clinical outcomes in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Effect of different exercise training programs on MetS

Outcome	Aerobic exercise versus control				Combined aerobic and resistance exercise versus control
Outcome	No. studies	N	MD (95% CI), p value	I² (%)	No. studies	N	MD (95% CI), p value	I²
BMI (kg m⁻²)	14	385	−0.29 (−0.44, −0.15) p < 0.0001	79	3	652	−0.40 (−0.88, 0.07) p = 0.10	100%
Body weight (kg)	11	217	−1.16 (−1.83, −0.48) p = 0.0008	43	2	46	−0.03 (−0.51, 0.46) p = 0.92	24%
Waist (cm)	13	261	−1.37 (−2.02, −0.71) p < 0.0001	61	3	652	−3.80 (−5.65, −1.95) p < 0.0001	59%
Total fat mass (kg)	5	176	−1.19 kg (−1.79,−0.59) = 0.0001	0	0	0	N/A	N/A
Peak VO₂ (mL kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	13	294	3.00 (1.92, 4.08) p < 0.000001	60	3	652	4.64 (2.42, 6.87) p < 0.0001	48%
SBP (mmHg)	15	364	−2.54 (−4.34, −0.75) p = 0.006	78	3	652	−3.79 (−6.18, −1.40, p = 0.002)	0%
DBP (mmHg)	14	337	−2.27 (−3.47, −1.06) p = 0.0002	61	3	652	−0.23 (−3.53, 1.55) p = 0.85	68%
FBG (mmol L⁻¹)	15	378	−0.16 (−0.32, −0.01) p = 0.04	81	2	623	−0.18 (−0.47, 0.25) p = 0.21	0%
HDL (mmol L⁻¹)	15	265	0.03 (−0.01, 0.08) p = 0.19	71	2	623	0.14 (0.04, 0.25) p = 0.009	61%
TG (mmol L⁻¹)	13	308	−0.21 (−0.29, −0.13) p < 0.00001	57	1	606	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) p = 0.50	0%
LDL (mmol L⁻¹)	2	44	−0.03 (−0.05, −0.00) p = 0.02	0	1	722	−0.30 (−0.61, 0.01) p = 0.06	0%

N number of people included in analysis, BMI body mass index, peak VO ₂ peak oxygen consumption, FBG fasting blood glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, HDL high density lipoproteins, TG triglycerides, LDL low density lipoproteins

ISSN: 1475-2840