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Table 3 Hazard ratios for the association between changes in proteinuria and myocardial infarction, after excluding the population with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2

From: Changes in proteinuria and the risk of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes or pre-diabetes: a prospective cohort study

 

No proteinuria

Remittent proteinuria

Incident proteinuria

Persistent proteinuria

All participants

 Model 1

Reference

0.94 (0.39–2.29)

1.74 (1.18–2.58)

4.35 (2.72–6.97)

 Model 2

Reference

0.92 (0.38–2.23)

1.57 (1.06–2.34)

3.79 (2.37–6.06)

 Model 3

Reference

0.90 (0.37–2.20)

1.54 (1.04–2.29)

3.66 (2.28–5.87)

 Model 4

Reference

0.84 (0.34–2.07)

1.30 (0.85–1.98)

2.49 (1.47–4.20)

Diabetes$

 Model 4

Reference

0.70 (0.17–2.87)

1.60 (0.93–2.75)

2.25 (1.10–4.59)

Prediabetes

 Model 4

Reference

0.92 (0.28–3.01)

0.88 (0.45–1.74)

3.28 (1.51–7.14)

  1. Proteinuria was defined as 1+, 2+ and 3+
  2. Model 1: unadjusted
  3. Model 2: adjusted for age and gender
  4. Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, level of education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, amount of physical activity and body mass index
  5. Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 3 plus hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, anti-hypertension agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-lipidemic agents, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate
  6. $ P for interaction is 0.3363
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840