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Table 2 Hazard ratios for the association between changes in proteinuria and myocardial infarction, redefining proteinuria as trace, 1+, 2+ and 3+

From: Changes in proteinuria and the risk of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes or pre-diabetes: a prospective cohort study

 

No proteinuria

Remittent proteinuria

Incident proteinuria

Persistent proteinuria

All participants

 Model 1

Reference

1.04 (0.61–1.78)

1.58 (1.09–2.31)

3.17 (2.13–4.73)

 Model 2

Reference

1.00 (0.59–1.72)

1.47 (1.01–2.15)

2.76 (1.85–4.12)

 Model 3

Reference

1.00 (0.59–1.72)

1.45 (0.99–2.12)

2.69 (1.80–4.02)

 Model 4

Reference

0.81 (0.46–1.45)

1.27 (0.84–1.90)

1.94 (1.25–3.01)

Diabetes$

 Model 4

Reference

1.08 (0.48–2.41)

1.99 (1.18–3.35)

1.97 (1.08–3.60)

Prediabetes

 Model 4

Reference

0.62 (0.27–1.45)

0.66 (0.32–1.33)

2.13 (1.12–4.06)

  1. Model 1: unadjusted
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age and gender
  3. Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, level of education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, amount of physical activity, and body mass index
  4. Model 4: adjusted for variables in model 3 plus hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, anti-hypertension agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-lipidemic agents, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate
  5. $ P for interaction is 0.0750
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840