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Table 1 Patient characteristics in the DM group and the no pre-existing DM Group (categorized by quartiles of ABG levels)
| All study patients | No pre-existing DM patients by ABG categories | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM patients (n = 1811) | No pre-existing DM (n = 2182) | Glucose < 110 mg/dL (n = 985) | Glucose 110–140 mg/dL (n = 676) | Glucose 140–200 mg/dL (n = 373) | Glucose > 200 mg/dL (n = 148) | |
| Age (y) | 73 (65–79) | 77 (68–84)†† | 76 (67–83) | 76 (67–83) | 76 (67–82) | 73 (66–80)** |
| Sex, female (%) | 45.2 | 41.9† | 37.4 | 44.5 | 45.3 | 52.0** |
| Hypertension (%) | 76.1 | 62.5†† | 61.6 | 61.2 | 64.9 | 68.2 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 42.5 | 30.0†† | 27.4 | 32.1 | 31.6 | 33.1 |
| Current smoker (%) | 9.4 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 8.8 |
| History of smoking (%) | 18.9 | 16.6 † | 17.3 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 14.9 |
| Hx of IHD (%) | 82.5 | 75.4†† | 76.0 | 73.1 | 74.9 | 82.4 |
| S/P MI (%) | 41.4 | 35.9†† | 35.1 | 36.0 | 36.5 | 39.9 |
| acute MI at presentation (%) | 27.4 | 26.2 | 21.2 | 29.4 | 30.0 | 34.5** |
| S/P stroke/TIA (%) | 14.5 | 10.7†† | 10.3 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 13.5 |
| AFib (%) | 25.2 | 34.2†† | 34.1 | 34.8 | 32.4 | 36.5 |
| NYHA class III and IV (%) | 43.9 | 38.0†† | 35.3 | 39.9 | 41.0 | 39.7 |
| PVD (%) | 12.9 | 5.8†† | 6.0 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 3.4 |
| COPD (%) | 19.6 | 19.3 | 17.4 | 20.9 | 20.6 | 21.6 |
| Malignancy (%) | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 4.1 |
| Past malignancy (%) | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 2.7 |
| Active malignancy (%) | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 4.7 |
| LVEF (%)‡ | ||||||
| ≥50 | 25.1 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 33.1 | 18.0* |
| 40–49 | 21.8 | 20.8 | 21.5 | 22.3 | 18.1 | 16.0 |
| 30–39 | 27.2 | 24.5 | 25.6 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 30.0 |
| ≤30% | 26.0 | 26.0 | 24.6 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 36.0 |
| Admission vital signs | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 142 (123–164) | 137 (119–160) | 136 (119–158) | 140 (120–160) | 140 (122–161) | 140 (120–163)** |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 82 (70–98) | 80 (70–98) | 80 (67–90) | 82 (70–98) | 82 (70–100) | 85 (74–100)** |
| Laboratory values at admission | ||||||
| Blood glucose mg/dL | 182 (134–255) | 114 (98–140)†† | 96 (87–103) | 124 (117–132) | 163 (151–180) | 263 (229–319)** |
| Urea, mg/dL | 50 (34–80) | 44 (30–65)†† | 45 (30–67) | 46 (31–70) | 47 (31–71) | 50 (34–78)** |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6)†† | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (1–1.7)* |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 53 (35–74) | 56 (40–75)†† | 57 (39–77) | 57 (38–73) | 55 (38–75) | 52 (37–72)** |
| Sodium, mg/dL | 138 (135–140) | 139 (136–141)†† | 139 (137–141) | 139 (136–141) | 139 (136–141) | 137 (134–140)** |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 12 (11–13) | 12.5 (11–14)†† | 12 (11–14) | 12 (11–14) | 12 (11–14) | 12 (11–13) |
| Long term medication use at admission (%) | ||||||
| Aspirin | 64.6 | 52.7†† | 53.3 | 52.7 | 50.9 | 52.7 |
| Clopidogrel | 4.8 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.7 |
| Statins | 42.1 | 28.7†† | 28.7 | 28.4 | 29.2 | 28.4 |
| Beta blockers | 53.7 | 45.3†† | 46.0 | 46.0 | 42.6 | 43.9 |
| ACE-Is or ARBs | 65.2 | 51.8†† | 51.8 | 52.2 | 50.7 | 52.7 |
| Furosemide | 65.0 | 57.4†† | 58.5 | 58.4 | 52.8 | 56.7 |
| Thiazide | 7.45 | 5†† | 4.0 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 4.0 |
| Spironolactone | 15.1 | 13.6 | 14.5 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 13.5 |
