| |
All study patients
|
No pre-existing DM patients by ABG categories
|
|---|
| |
DM patients (n = 1811)
|
No pre-existing DM (n = 2182)
|
Glucose < 110 mg/dL (n = 985)
|
Glucose 110–140 mg/dL (n = 676)
|
Glucose 140–200 mg/dL (n = 373)
|
Glucose > 200 mg/dL (n = 148)
|
|---|
|
Age (y)
|
73 (65–79)
|
77 (68–84)††
|
76 (67–83)
|
76 (67–83)
|
76 (67–82)
|
73 (66–80)**
|
|
Sex, female (%)
|
45.2
|
41.9†
|
37.4
|
44.5
|
45.3
|
52.0**
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
76.1
|
62.5††
|
61.6
|
61.2
|
64.9
|
68.2
|
|
Dyslipidemia (%)
|
42.5
|
30.0††
|
27.4
|
32.1
|
31.6
|
33.1
|
|
Current smoker (%)
|
9.4
|
10.6
|
10.3
|
10.8
|
11.8
|
8.8
|
|
History of smoking (%)
|
18.9
|
16.6 †
|
17.3
|
15.2
|
17.7
|
14.9
|
|
Hx of IHD (%)
|
82.5
|
75.4††
|
76.0
|
73.1
|
74.9
|
82.4
|
|
S/P MI (%)
|
41.4
|
35.9††
|
35.1
|
36.0
|
36.5
|
39.9
|
|
acute MI at presentation (%)
|
27.4
|
26.2
|
21.2
|
29.4
|
30.0
|
34.5**
|
|
S/P stroke/TIA (%)
|
14.5
|
10.7††
|
10.3
|
10.7
|
10.7
|
13.5
|
|
AFib (%)
|
25.2
|
34.2††
|
34.1
|
34.8
|
32.4
|
36.5
|
|
NYHA class III and IV (%)
|
43.9
|
38.0††
|
35.3
|
39.9
|
41.0
|
39.7
|
|
PVD (%)
|
12.9
|
5.8††
|
6.0
|
6.7
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
|
COPD (%)
|
19.6
|
19.3
|
17.4
|
20.9
|
20.6
|
21.6
|
|
Malignancy (%)
|
5.4
|
6.4
|
5.5
|
7.3
|
8.0
|
4.1
|
|
Past malignancy (%)
|
4.3
|
4.7
|
4.1
|
5.3
|
5.6
|
2.7
|
|
Active malignancy (%)
|
0.8
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
0.0
|
|
Cirrhosis (%)
|
2.3
|
3.3
|
3.5
|
3.4
|
2.1
|
4.7
|
|
LVEF (%)‡
|
|
≥50
|
25.1
|
28.7
|
28.6
|
28.6
|
33.1
|
18.0*
|
|
40–49
|
21.8
|
20.8
|
21.5
|
22.3
|
18.1
|
16.0
|
|
30–39
|
27.2
|
24.5
|
25.6
|
23.0
|
23.3
|
30.0
|
|
≤30%
|
26.0
|
26.0
|
24.6
|
26.1
|
25.6
|
36.0
|
|
Admission vital signs
| | | | | | |
|
SBP, mmHg
|
142 (123–164)
|
137 (119–160)
|
136 (119–158)
|
140 (120–160)
|
140 (122–161)
|
140 (120–163)**
|
|
Heart rate, beats/min
|
82 (70–98)
|
80 (70–98)
|
80 (67–90)
|
82 (70–98)
|
82 (70–100)
|
85 (74–100)**
|
|
Laboratory values at admission
|
|
Blood glucose mg/dL
|
182 (134–255)
|
114 (98–140)††
|
96 (87–103)
|
124 (117–132)
|
163 (151–180)
|
263 (229–319)**
|
|
Urea, mg/dL
|
50 (34–80)
|
44 (30–65)††
|
45 (30–67)
|
46 (31–70)
|
47 (31–71)
|
50 (34–78)**
|
|
Creatinine, mg/dL
|
1.2 (0.9–1.8)
|
1.2 (0.9–1.6)††
|
1.2 (0.9–1.6)
|
1.2 (0.9–1.6)
|
1.2 (0.9–1.7)
|
1.2 (1–1.7)*
|
|
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
|
53 (35–74)
|
56 (40–75)††
|
57 (39–77)
|
57 (38–73)
|
55 (38–75)
|
52 (37–72)**
|
|
Sodium, mg/dL
|
138 (135–140)
|
139 (136–141)††
|
139 (137–141)
|
139 (136–141)
|
139 (136–141)
|
137 (134–140)**
|
|
Hemoglobin, g/L
|
12 (11–13)
|
12.5 (11–14)††
|
12 (11–14)
|
12 (11–14)
|
12 (11–14)
|
12 (11–13)
|
|
Long term medication use at admission (%)
|
|
Aspirin
|
64.6
|
52.7††
|
53.3
|
52.7
|
50.9
|
52.7
|
|
Clopidogrel
|
4.8
|
4.0
|
5.0
|
3.6
|
3.0
|
2.7
|
|
Statins
|
42.1
|
28.7††
|
28.7
|
28.4
|
29.2
|
28.4
|
|
Beta blockers
|
53.7
|
45.3††
|
46.0
|
46.0
|
42.6
|
43.9
|
|
ACE-Is or ARBs
|
65.2
|
51.8††
|
51.8
|
52.2
|
50.7
|
52.7
|
|
Furosemide
|
65.0
|
57.4††
|
58.5
|
58.4
|
52.8
|
56.7
|
|
Thiazide
|
7.45
|
5††
|
4.0
|
5.9
|
6.4
|
4.0
|
|
Spironolactone
|
15.1
|
13.6
|
14.5
|
12.9
|
12.6
|
13.5
|
- Data are given as median (interquartile range) or percentage unless otherwise indicated
- SI conversion factors: To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.055; to convert urea to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.357; to convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4
-
ABG admission blood glucose, ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM diabetes mellitus, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MI myocardial infarction, NA not applicable, NYHA New York Heart Association, PVD peripheral vascular disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, S/P status post, TIA transient ischemic attack
- * p < 0.1 and ** p < 0.01 for trend among quartiles of ABG levels in patients with no pre-existing DM
-
†p < 0.1 and †† p value <0.01 for comparison between patients with DM and patients with no pre-exisiting DM
-
‡Of 3993 patients, 2775 had LVEF data
