Gender differences in hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events and procedures in people with and without diabetes in England: a nationwide study 2004–2014

Laverty, Anthony A.; Bottle, Alex; Kim, Sung-Hee; Visani, Bhakti; Majeed, Azeem; Millett, Christopher; Vamos, Eszter P.

doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0580-0

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 1 Characteristics of people affected by cardiovascular disease by diabetes status and gender in England between 2004–2005 and 2014–2015

From: Gender differences in hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events and procedures in people with and without diabetes in England: a nationwide study 2004–2014

Outcome	Diabetes						No diabetes
	Women			Men			Women			Men
	2004–2005	2014–2015	P	2004–2005	2014–2015	P	2004–2005	2014–2015	P	2004–2005	2014–2015	P
AMI
Number of events	4848	5982		7641	10,843		22,811	18,735		38,305	35,083
% of males	–	–		61.2	64.5	<0.001^a	–	–		62.7	65.2	<0.001^a
Female-to-male ratio (95% CI)	–	–		0.63 (0.62–0.64)	0.55 (0.54–0.56)	<0.001^a	–	–		0.59 (0.59–0.6)	0.53 (0.53–0.54)	<0.001^a
Age, year, mean (SD)	74.9 (11.1)	73.7 (12.7)	<0.001^b	69.3 (11.8)	69.4 (12.5)	0.727	76.2 (12.3)	75.2 (14.0)	0.001^b	67.1 (13.7)	66.3 (14.1)	0.001^b
Age groups, N (%) (years)
17–44	72 (1.5)	121 (2.0)	<0.001^a	211 (2.8)	292 (2.7)	<0.001^a	406 (1.8)	437 (2.3)	<0.001^a	2198 (5.7)	1986 (5.7)	<0.001^a
45–64	709 (14.6)	1270 (21.2)		2203 (28.8)	3434 (31.7)		3448 (15.1)	3854 (20.6)		13,726 (35.8)	14,127 (40.3)
≥65	4067 (83.9)	4591 (76.8)		5227 (68.4)	7117 (65.6)		18,957 (83.1)	14,444 (77.1)		22,381 (58.5)	18,970 (54.0)
Median LOS, days (IQR)	5 (8–14)	3 (5–10)	<0.001^d	5 (7–12)	3 (4–8)	<0.001^d	5 (7–12)	2 (4–8)	<0.001^d	4 (6–10)	2 (3–6)	<0.001^d
Number of deaths (%)	881 (18.2)	676 (11.3)	<0.001^a	1031 (13.5)	954 (8.8)	<0.001^a	4417 (19.4)	1982 (10.6)	<0.001^a	4453 (11.6)	2347 (6.7)	<0.001^a
Stroke
Number of events	4702	7678		4959	9600		34,079	34,947		29,005	33,247
% of males	–	–		51.3	55.6	<0.001^a	–	–		46.0	48.7	<0.001^a
Female-to-male ratio (95% CI)	–	–		0.95 (0.94–0.95)	0.80 (0.80–0.81)	<0.001^a	–	–		1.17 (1.17–1.2)	1.05 (1.04–1.05)	<0.001^a
Age, year, mean (SD)	76.2 (11.1)	76.8 (11.9)	0.006^b	72.0 (11.1)	72. 5 (11.6)	0.002^b	77.1 (13. 4)	76.5 (14. 6)	<0.001^b	71.4 (13.6)	71.1 (14.4)	0.002^b
Age groups, N (%) (years)
17–44	58 (1.2)	99 (1.3)	0.036^a	82 (1.6)	176 (1.8)	0.405^a	1116 (3.3)	1288 (3.7)	<0.001^a	1353 (4.7)	1628 (4.9)	<0.001^a
45–64	589 (12.5)	1086 (14.1)		1038 (20.9)	2081 (21.7)		4147 (12.2)	5181 (14.8)		6478 (22.3)	8151 (24.5)
≥65	4055 (86.2)	6493 (84.6)		3839 (77.4)	7343 (76.5)		28,816 (84.6)	28,478 (81.5)		21,174 (73.0)	23,468 70.6)
Median LOS, days (IQR)	6 (15–33)	3 (7–20)	<0.001^d	5 (11–28)	2 (6–16)	<0.001^ε	5 (12–29)	2 (7–19)	<0.001^d	4 (10–24)	2 (5–14)	<0.001^d
Number of deaths (%)	1485 (31.6)	1438 (18.7)	<0.001^a	1191 (24.0)	1410 (14.7)	<0.001^a	11,614 (34.1)	7005 (20.4)	<0.001^a	7476 (19.5)	4812 (13.7)	<0.001^a
CABG
Number of events	1028	1111		3531	4275		4029	2649		15,165	11,005
% of males	–	–		77.5	79.4	0.02^a	–	–		79.0	80.6	<0.001^a
Female-to-male ratio (95% CI)	–	–		0.29 (0.27–0.3)	0.26 (0.25–0.27)	0.02^a	–	–		0.26 (0.25–0.27)	0.24 (0.23–0.25)	<0.001^a
Age, year mean (SD)	67.5 (8.5)	68.1 (9.8)	0.105^b	65.1 (8.7)	66.7 (9.5)	<0.001^b	69.2 (9.1)	70.3 (10.1)	<0.001^b	65.4 (9.4)	67.1 (10.2)	<0.001^b
Age groups, N (%) (years)
17–44	13 (1.3)	16 (1.4)	0.940^a	57 (1.6)	64 (1.5)	0.004^a	63 (1.6)	40 (1.5)	0.610^a	317 (2.1)	199 (1.8)	<0.001^a
45–64	322 (31.3)	348 (31.3)		1460 (41.3)	1612 (37.7)		966 (24.0)	608 (30.0)		6217 (41.0)	3916 (35.6)
≥65	693 (67.4)	747 (67.2)		2014 (57.0)	2599 (60.8)		3000 (74.5)	2001 (75.5)		8631 (56.9)	6890 (62.6)
Median LOS, days (IQR)	8 (11–20)	8 (11–18)	0.086^d	7 (9–16)	7 (9–14)	<0.001^d	7 (10–16)	7 (10–17)	0.672^c	7 (8–13)	6 (9–14)	0.041^c
Number of deaths (%)	53 (5.1)	30 (2.7)	0.003^a	102 (2.8)	69 (1.6)	<0.001^a	219 (5.4)	131 (4.9)	0.379^a	412 (2.7)	256 (2.3)	0.054^a
PCI
Number of events	2238	4576		5106	11,862		11,190	14,764		31,386	43,178
% of males	–	–		69.5	72.2	<0.001^a	–	–		73.7	74.5	0.004^a
Female-to-male ratio (95% CI)	–	–		0.44 (0.42–0.45)	0.38 (0.37–0.39)	<0.001^a	–	–		0.36 (0.35–0.37)	0.34 (0.33–0.34)	0.004^a
Age, year, mean (SD)	65.3 (10.7)	67.9 (11.8)	<0.001^b	63.2 (10.1)	65.5 (11.2)	<0.001^b	66.4 (10.5)	68.9 (12.2)	<0.001^b	61.7 (10.9)	63.4 (12.2)	<0.001^b
Age groups, N (%) (years)
17–44	91 (4.1)	152 (3.3)	<0.001^a	217 (4.2)	402 (3.4)	<0.001^a	348 (3.1)	416 (2.8)	<0.001^a	1996 (6.4)	2438 (5.6)	<0.001^a
45–64	850 (38.0)	1513 (33.1)		2404 (47.1)	4982 (42.0)		4066 (36.3)	4585 (31.1)		16,445 (52.4)	20,416 (47.2)
≥65	1297 (58.0)	2911 (63.6)		2485 (48.7)	6478 (54.6)		6776 (60.6)	9763 (66.1)		12,945 (41.2)	20,324 (47.1)
Median LOS, days (IQR)	1 (2–6)	1 (2–5)	0.013^d	1 (2–5)	1 (2–4)	<0.001^d	1 (2–4)	1 (2–4)	<0.001^d	1 (2–4)	1 (2–3)	<0.001^d
Number of deaths (%)	45 (2.0)	146 (3.2)	0.006^a	65 (1.3)	253 (2.1)	<0.001^a	142 (1.3)	426 (2.9)	<0.001^a	282 (0.9)	851 (2.0)	<0.001^a

AMI acute myocardial infarction, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, LOS length of hospital stay, IQR interquartile range, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation
^aChi square test
^bStudent’s t test
^cWilcoxon test—2004 figure lower
^dWilcoxon test—2004 figure higher

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