Table 1 Patient characteristics

Age, years

70.2 ± 9.1

70.2 ± 9.2

70.2 ± 9.1

0.98

Male

38 (75)

17 (77)

21 (72)

0.69

BMI, kg/m²

23.7 ± 3.1

24.2 ± 2.6

23.3 ± 3.4

0.34

Systolic BP, mmHg

123.0 ± 12.5

122.6 ± 13.6

123.3 ± 11.7

0.86

Diastolic BP, mmHg

67.1 ± 9.4

65.3 ± 10.5

68.5 ± 8.4

0.24

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

65.6 ± 17.8

64.0 ± 22.8

66.9 ± 13.1

0.57

CRP, mg/dL

0.10 ± 0.14

0.12 ± 0.16

0.08 ± 0.13

0.34

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

153.3 ± 24.9

150.1 ± 27.1

155.7 ± 23.4

0.43

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

87.2 ± 20.1

84.7 ± 19.4

89.0 ± 20.8

0.45

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

45.8 ± 12.5

44.9 ± 14.6

46.4 ± 10.9

0.68

Triglyceride, mg/dL

157.8 ± 84.7

161.2 ± 81.4

155.2 ± 88.6

0.80

Duration of DM, yrs

3.9 ± 1.1

10.0 ± 2.1

–

–

1,5-AG, μg/mL

16.0 ± 8.3

10.65 ± 6.51

20.23 ± 7.01

<0.01

FBS, mg/dL

104.9 ± 33.4

125.7 ± 41.2

89.1 ± 11.1

<0.01

Glycoalbumin, %

16.3 ± 3.3

18.7 ± 3.5

14.3 ± 1.1

<0.01

HbA1c, %

6.30 ± 0.76

6.95 ± 0.67

5.80 ± 0.31

<0.01

HOMA-R

2.01 ± 2.01

2.38 ± 2.29

1.74 ± 1.78

0.28

HOMA-β

100.4 ± 112.4

55.2 ± 38.1

133.1 ± 135.7

<0.01

LVEF, %

58.8 ± 8.5

61.0 ± 7.1

57.2 ± 9.3

0.12

Smoking, %

0.79

 Current

7 (14)

3 (14)

4 (14)

 Past

23 (45)

11 (50)

12 (41)

Past history

 Hypertension

40 (78)

20 (91)

20 (69)

0.06

 Dyslipidemia

48 (94)

22 (100)

26 (90)

0.18

Medications on admission

 Aspirin

45 (88)

19 (86)

26 (90)

0.52

 Thienopyridine

40 (78)

16 (73)

24 (83)

0.30

 Statin

42 (82)

19 (86)

23 (79)

0.39

 Beta-blocker

19 (37)

8 (36)

11 (38)

0.91

 ACE-I/ARB

32 (63)

17 (77)

15 (52)

0.06

 DPP4-I

16 (31)

16 (73)

0 (0)

<0.01

 Metformin

7 (14)

7 (32)

0 (0)

<0.01

 Sulfonylurea

1 (2)

1 (5)

0 (0)

0.43

 α-GI

4 (8)

4 (18)

0 (0)

<0.01

 Pioglitazone

1 (2)

1 (5)

0 (0)

0.43

 Glinide

1 (2)

1 (5)

0 (0)

0.43