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Table 1 Clinical characteristics according to microvascular or macrovascular disease at baseline

From: Comparative effects of microvascular and macrovascular disease on the risk of major outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Overall (n = 11,140)

History of microvascular or macrovascular disease at baseline

Dual absence (n = 6789)

Microvascular alone (n = 761)

Macrovascular alone (n = 3196)

Both (n = 394)

p

Male sex, n (%)

6407 (57.5)

3628 (53.4)

404 (53.1)

2107 (65.9)

268 (68.0)

<0.0001

Region of origin: Asia, n (%)

4136 (37.1)

2525 (37.2)

350 (46.0)

1115 (34.9)

146 (37.1)

<0.0001

Region of origin: established market economies, n (%)

4862 (43.7)

3012 (44.4)

292 (38.4)

1389 (43.5)

169 (42.9)

Region of origin: Eastern Europe, n (%)

2142 (19.2)

1252 (18.4)

119 (15.6)

692 (21.6)

79 (20.0)

Age (years): mean (SD)

65.8 (6.4)

65.9 (6.3)

65.3 (6.4)

65.6 (6.6)

67.0 (6.6)

<0.0001

Duration of diabetes (years): mean (SD)

7.9 (6.4)

7.6 (6.1)

10.3 (7.3)

7.7 (6.3)

10.2 (7.2)

<0.0001

Body mass index (kg/m2): mean (SD)

28.3 (5.2)

28.4 (5.3)

27.7 (5.2)

28.4 (4.9)

28.2 (5.4)

0.002

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg): mean (SD)

145 (22)

145 (21)

149 (24)

144 (22)

148 (23)

<0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg): mean (SD)

81 (11)

81 (11)

81 (12)

80 (11)

81 (11)

0.41

Use of antihypertensive treatment, n (%)

7655 (68.7)

4357 (64.2)

521 (68.5)

2466 (77.2)

311 (78.9)

<0.0001

HbA1c (%): mean (SD)

7.5 (1.6)

7.5 (1.6)

7.9 (1.7)

7.4 (1.5)

7.9 (1.6)

<0.0001

HbA1c (mmol/mol): mean (SD)

59 (17)

58 (17)

63 (19)

57 (16)

62 (18)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

74 (18)

76 (17)

73 (20)

73 (18)

69 (20)

<0.0001

Urinary ACR (mg/g): median (Q1, Q3)

15 (7, 40)

13 (7, 31)

49 (12, 390)

15 (7, 36)

86 (13, 461)

<0.0001

Serum total cholesterol (mmol/l): mean (SD)

5.2 (1.2)

5.3 (1.2)

5.3 (1.2)

5.0 (1.2)

4.9 (1.2)

<0.0001

Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/l): mean (SD)

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.2 (0.3)

1.2 (0.3)

<0.0001

Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/l): mean (SD)

3.1 (1.0)

3.2 (1.0)

3.2 (1.0)

3.0 (1.1)

2.9 (1.0)

<0.0001

Serum triglycerides (mmol/l): median (Q1, Q3)

1.6 (1.2, 2.3)

1.6 (1.2, 2.3)

1.6 (1.2, 2.3)

1.7 (1.2, 2.3)

1.6 (1.1, 2.2)

0.05

History of ever smoking, n (%)

4674 (42.0)

2702 (39.8)

271 (35.6)

1529 (47.8)

172 (43.7)

<0.0001

  1. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative parameters were performed using Chi square and ANOVA tests, respectively. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for variables with skewed distribution (urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and triglycerides). p < 0.05 was significant
  2. Established market economies: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom; Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia; Asia: Philippines, China, Malaysia, India. eGFR, computed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. ACR, Albumin to Creatinine Ratio. Use of lipid lowering drugs: statins or other hypolipidemic agents