From: Reduced HDL function in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes
Baseline | 5-year follow-up | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diabetes | Controls | p value | Diabetes | Controls | p value | |
n | 293 | 111 | 241 | 128 | ||
Diabetes duration (years) | 5.6 (3.4) | 10.3 (3.6) | ||||
Insulin pump users (%) | 52.9 | 61.3 | ||||
Age (years) | 13.7 (2.8) | 13.3 (2.5) | 0.175 | 18.7 (2.8) | 18.7 (2.9) | 0.895 |
Girls, n (%) | 147 (50.2) | 63 (56.8) | 0.265 | 129 (53.5) | 72 (56.3) | 0.661 |
Height (cm) | 160.4 (14.5) | 157.6 (13.3) | 0.072 | 171.2 (9.1) | 172.1 (9.2) | 0.383 |
Weight (kg) | 54.8 (16.8) | 48.4 (13.2) | <0.001 | 71.0 (14.6) | 66.9 (12.5) | 0.006 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 (4.0) | 19.1 (3.1) | <0.001 | 24.1 (4.3) | 22.5 (3.4) | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 71.2 (10.0) | 66.8 (6.6) | <0.001 | 79.0 (9.6) | 75.5 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 101 (10) | 98 (10) | 0.018 | 112 (11) | 111 (10) | 0.656 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 60 (8) | 58 (7) | 0.018 | 70 (8) | 68 (8) | 0.024 |
HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol, SD) | 8.4 (1.3) [68, 13] | 5.3 (0.3) [34, 3] | <0.001 | 9.0 (1.4) [75, 15] | 5.2 (0.3) [3, 33] | <0.001 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178 (31) | 166 (27) | 0.001 | 186 (39) | 170 (39) | 0.001 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 70 (15) | 66 (15) | 0.065 | 62 (19) | 62 (15) | 0.161 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 97 (27) | 89 (27) | 0.016 | 104 (31) | 97 (31) | 0.014 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | 62 (44, 80) | 62 (44, 80) | 0.457 | 80 (53, 115) | 71 (53, 89) | 0.024 |
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 74 (19) | 66 (17) | <0.001 | 90 (26) | 79 (23) | <0.001 |
Apolipoprotein A-I (mg/dL) | 154 (28) | 147 (27) | 0.026 | 156 (31) | 148 (27) | 0.006 |
Urine albumin/creatinine (mg/mmol)a | 6.2 (3.5, 11.5) | 5.7 (3.3, 12.0) | 0.637 | 5.8 (2.7, 13.7) | 3.0 (1.7, 8.0) | 0.001 |
HDL-apoA-1 exchange (%) | 50.7 (9.8) | 52.4 (9.2) | 0.105 | 52.1 (10.4) | 52.1 (10.2) | 0.960 |
HAE-apoA-1 ratio (%/mg/dL) | 0.33 (0.06) | 0.36 (0.06) | <0.001 | 0.34 (0.06) | 0.36 (0.06) | 0.003 |