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Table 1 Clinical and metabolic characteristics at baseline and follow-up

From: Reduced HDL function in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes

 

Baseline

5-year follow-up

Diabetes

Controls

p value

Diabetes

Controls

p value

n

293

111

 

241

128

 

Diabetes duration (years)

5.6 (3.4)

  

10.3 (3.6)

  

Insulin pump users (%)

52.9

  

61.3

  

Age (years)

13.7 (2.8)

13.3 (2.5)

0.175

18.7 (2.8)

18.7 (2.9)

0.895

Girls, n (%)

147 (50.2)

63 (56.8)

0.265

129 (53.5)

72 (56.3)

0.661

Height (cm)

160.4 (14.5)

157.6 (13.3)

0.072

171.2 (9.1)

172.1 (9.2)

0.383

Weight (kg)

54.8 (16.8)

48.4 (13.2)

<0.001

71.0 (14.6)

66.9 (12.5)

0.006

BMI (kg/m2)

20.8 (4.0)

19.1 (3.1)

<0.001

24.1 (4.3)

22.5 (3.4)

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

71.2 (10.0)

66.8 (6.6)

<0.001

79.0 (9.6)

75.5 (8.2)

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

101 (10)

98 (10)

0.018

112 (11)

111 (10)

0.656

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

60 (8)

58 (7)

0.018

70 (8)

68 (8)

0.024

HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol, SD)

8.4 (1.3) [68, 13]

5.3 (0.3) [34, 3]

<0.001

9.0 (1.4) [75, 15]

5.2 (0.3) [3, 33]

<0.001

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

178 (31)

166 (27)

0.001

186 (39)

170 (39)

0.001

HDL (mg/dL)

70 (15)

66 (15)

0.065

62 (19)

62 (15)

0.161

LDL (mg/dL)

97 (27)

89 (27)

0.016

104 (31)

97 (31)

0.014

Triglycerides (mg/dL)a

62 (44, 80)

62 (44, 80)

0.457

80 (53, 115)

71 (53, 89)

0.024

Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL)

74 (19)

66 (17)

<0.001

90 (26)

79 (23)

<0.001

Apolipoprotein A-I (mg/dL)

154 (28)

147 (27)

0.026

156 (31)

148 (27)

0.006

Urine albumin/creatinine (mg/mmol)a

6.2 (3.5, 11.5)

5.7 (3.3, 12.0)

0.637

5.8 (2.7, 13.7)

3.0 (1.7, 8.0)

0.001

HDL-apoA-1 exchange (%)

50.7 (9.8)

52.4 (9.2)

0.105

52.1 (10.4)

52.1 (10.2)

0.960

HAE-apoA-1 ratio (%/mg/dL)

0.33 (0.06)

0.36 (0.06)

<0.001

0.34 (0.06)

0.36 (0.06)

0.003

  1. Mean values (SD)
  2. HAE HDL-apoA-I exchange
  3. aMedian (25th and 75th percentile)