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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Reduced HDL function in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes

Fig. 1

Cholesterol transport in the intima and measurements of HDL function. To facilitate cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-laden macrophages (MΦ), lipid-poor apoA-I binds to ABCA1. During its association with ABCA1, apoA-I acquires free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipid (PL) to form discoidal alpha HDL (red arrow). These particles are acted upon by LCAT and converted to cholesterol ester core containing alpha HDL. ApoA-I is liberated from alpha HDL by the action(s) of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) to generate lipid-poor apoA-I and preβ HDL (green arrows). The formation of lipid-poor apoA-I and preβ by HDL is a rate-limiting step of this process. These processes can be quantified by the CEC (red arrow) and HAE (green arrows) assays

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