Diabetic retinopathy is associated with diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with or without diabetes

Variable	DM group	No DM group	P value*
LVEDD (mm)	58.0 ± 7.9	58.7 ± 10.1	0.967
LVESD (mm)	46.5 ± 11.1	45.4 ± 11.8	0.630
IVSd (mm)	10.4 ± 2.0	9.7 ± 1.6	0.122
IVSs (mm)	13.2 ± 2.9	12.7 ± 2.7	0.381
PWd (mm)	10.5 ± 2.0	9.7 ± 1.6	0.077
PWs (mm)	13.9 ± 2.4	13.6 ± 2.4	0.504
RWT	0.4 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.277
LVEF (%)	37.3 ± 16.9	39.5 ± 16.8	0.546
LVFS (%)	20.9 ± 9.1	22.7 ± 9.6	0.402
LV mass (g)	253.0 ± 78.7	229.0 ± 77.5	0.178
LV mass index (g/m²)	149.5 ± 41.0	141.5 ± 45.4	0.391
E (m/s)	0.80 ± 0.30	0.76 ± 0.26	0.796
A (m/s)	0.76 ± 0.27	0.69 ± 0.18	0.385
E/A ratio	1.31 ± 0.96	1.13 ± 0.78	0.701
E′ (m/s)	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.095
E/E′ ratio	19.32 ± 12.20	14.85 ± 5.81	0.516

A peak late diastolic mitral inflow velocity, E peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity, E′ early diastolic mitral annular velocity, IVSd interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole, IVSs interventricular septal thickness at end-systole, LV left ventricular, LVDd left ventricle dimension at end-diastole, LVDs left ventricle dimension at end-systole, PWd posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, PWs posterior wall thickness at end-systole, RWT relative wall thickness
* P < 0.05 by independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test

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