Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

N (male/female)

325 (124/201)

304 (134/170)

Age (years)

55.3 ± 11.5

55.5 ± 10.8

BMI (kg/m²)

23.0 ± 2.99

23.2 ± 3.22

Smoking (none/ex/current)

226/53/46

172/81/51*

SBP (mmHg)

124.4 ± 17.7

129.2 ± 18.1*

DBP (mmHg)

77.6 ± 11.1

82.5 ± 11.7*

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

208.8 ± 34.4

212.8 ± 36.1

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

62.0 ± 14.5

61.1 ± 16.2

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

127.7 ± 31.5

129.7 ± 33.7

Triglyceride (mg/dL)^a

88.0 (62.0‒124.0)

109.5 (77.3‒156.8)*

CRP (mg/L)^a

0.31 (0.17‒0.65)

0.46 (0.24‒1.06)*

Glucose category (NGT/IGT/DM)

247/67/11

237/39/28*

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

94.1 ± 11.4

91.8 ± 20.1

2-h glucose (mg/dL)

119.6 ± 35.4

118.8 ± 57.3

Matsuda index (mU/L)^a

7.35 (4.84‒9.98)

6.06 (3.93‒8.66)*

Total APN (μg/mL)^a

8.84 (5.84‒11.6)

8.15 (5.50‒11.3)*

C1q-APN/total-APN ratio^a

8.96 (7.12‒11.6)

10.2 (7.73‒13.2)*