Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by diabetes duration and carotid artery stenosis
| Â | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 1281 | 532 | 109 | 84 | Â |
DM duration (years) | 2.7 (0.5–7.0) | 15.5 (13.0–20.0) | 3.9 (2.0–8.0) | 15.6 (13.0–21.0) |  |
Mean age (years) | 60.2 ± 7.3 | 63.0 ± 7.8 | 65.5 ± 7.9 | 69.4 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
Male sex | 872 (68.1) | 330 (62.0) | 93 (85.3) | 56 (66.7) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 23.9 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
Risk factor | |||||
 Hypertension | 608 (47.5) | 290 (54.5) | 76 (69.7) | 55 (65.5) | <0.001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 506 (39.5) | 191 (35.9) | 32 (29.4) | 30 (35.7) | 0.119 |
 CKD | 25 (2.0) | 36 (6.8) | 6 (5.5) | 9 (10.7) | <0.001 |
 Current smoker | 248 (19.4) | 68 (12.8) | 18 (16.5) | 10 (11.9) | 0.004 |
Medication | |||||
 Antiplatelet | 339 (26.5) | 207 (38.9) | 65 (59.6) | 40 (47.6) | <0.001 |
 Statin | 548 (42.8) | 262 (49.2) | 52 (47.7) | 45 (53.6) | 0.027 |
 Antihypertensive | 531 (41.5) | 238 (44.7) | 69 (63.3) | 47 (56.0) | <0.001 |
 Insulin | 97 (7.6) | 137 (25.8) | 12 (11.0) | 20 (23.8) | <0.001 |
Laboratory data | |||||
 HbA1c (%) | 7.0 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
 Cr (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73/m2) | 74.5 (60.0–87.0) | 63.4 (60.0–80.0) | 61.8 (60.0–79.0) | 60.9 (57.0–75.5) | <0.001 |
 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 177.3 ± 38.9 | 164.0 ± 34.4 | 165.2 ± 39.7 | 170.2 ± 50.4 | <0.001 |
 HDL (mg/dL) | 50.2 ± 13.1 | 51.1 ± 14.3 | 45.8 ± 12.9 | 49.2 ± 13.2 | 0.002 |
 LDL (mg/dL) | 105.9 ± 33.0 | 94.8 ± 29.9 | 95.9 ± 32.1 | 99.1 ± 3 7.3 | <0.001 |
 TG (mg/dL) | 121.3 (90.0–169.0) | 112.5 (82.0–154.0) | 119.0 (84.0–185.0) | 105.3 (78.0–148.5) | 0.045 |