Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, lipoprotein subclasses, and other lipid parameters

Demographic and clinical data

 Age, years

38.6 ± 13.8

40.0 ± 12.5

57.6 ± 9.5

58.5 ± 10.1

62.4 ± 8.7

62.0 ± 8.5

 Female, % of patients

38.4

44.8

39.0

33.6

45.9

44.4

 White, %

90.7

87.7

83.1

79.0

98.6

93.4

 Duration of diabetes, years

16.5 ± 10.9

18.5 ± 12.0

12.1 ± 7.7

11.1 ± 6.8

13.3 ± 6.9

12.8 ± 6.5

 BMI, kg/m²

26.5 ± 4.3

26.3 ± 3.7

32.5 ± 5.4

33.3 ± 4.9

32.9 ± 5.1

31.8 ± 4.8

 HbA1c, %

7.9 ± 1.2

7.9 ± 1.1

8.3 ± 1.0

8.5 ± 0.9

7.4 ± 0.8

7.4 ± 0.8

 Triglycerides, mg/dL

93 ± 56

94 ± 93

165 ± 91

167 ± 91

152 ± 73

168 ± 141

 LDL-C, mg/dL

106 ± 29

104 ± 29

93 ± 31

89 ± 34

99 ± 32

100 ± 40

 HDL-C, mg/dL

59 ± 16

63 ± 16

46 ± 12

47 ± 13

46 ± 13

48 ± 12

 Total-C, mg/dL

184 ± 37

186 ± 36

171 ± 38

169 ± 37

175 ± 36

180 ± 48

 Statin use, % of patients

16.3

18.4

62.7

63.0

58.1

60.3

 Liver fat content, %

3.32 ± 3.54

3.09 ± 3.13

12.7 ± 8.07

13.3 ± 8.75

9.96 ± 8.43

10.4 ± 7.54

Lipoprotein concentration

 HDL-P, μmol/L

  Total HDL

32.0 ± 4.91

33.2 ± 6.04

32.3 ± 5.48

32.9 ± 6.12

30.8 ± 5.64

33.0 ± 5.65

  Large HDL

8.41 ± 3.57

9.55 ± 3.62

4.80 ± 2.69

5.21 ± 2.95

5.27 ± 2.84

5.45 ± 2.94

  Medium HDL

3.84 ± 3.68

3.49 ± 3.67

2.31 ± 2.51

2.80 ± 3.10

2.67 ± 4.00

2.66 ± 3.33

  Small HDL

19.8 ± 5.96

20.1 ± 6.42

25.2 ± 5.71

24.9 ± 5.25

22.9 ± 5.17

24.9 ± 5.41

 LDL-P, nmol/L

  Total LDL

1084 ± 369

1030 ± 315

1213 ± 343

1209 ± 411

1231 ± 329

1227 ± 401

  IDL

36.6 ± 41.2

30.7 ± 36.1

50.6 ± 41.7

46.1 ± 39.2

52.9 ± 41.6

52.6 ± 49.5

  Large LDL

424 ± 188

471 ± 205

224 ± 159

243 ± 182

281 ± 180

295 ± 209

  Small LDL

624 ± 391

528 ± 344

939 ± 369

919 ± 408

898 ± 348

880 ± 391

 VLDL-P, nmol/L

  Total VLDL

54.4 ± 32.3

48.3 ± 34.9

75.6 ± 39.4

75.8 ± 39.4

77.8 ± 35.7

76.8 ± 38.7

  Large VLDL

1.69 ± 3.01

1.69 ± 4.34

4.74 ± 5.11

4.81 ± 4.92

3.90 ± 3.98

4.44 ± 4.56

  Medium VLDL

18.3 ± 16.3

15.1 ± 17.1

34.2 ± 26.7

34.4 ± 25.9

34.2 ± 22.1

32.0 ± 21.6

  Small VLDL

34.4 ± 18.6

31.6 ± 21.8

36.6 ± 17.2

36.5 ± 17.6

39.8 ± 17.8

40.4 ± 21.8

Lipoprotein sizes

 HDL-P size, nm

9.14 ± 0.47

9.26 ± 0.49

8.62 ± 0.38

8.65 ± 0.32

8.72 ± 0.38

8.73 ± 0.38

 LDL-P size, nm

21.2 ± 0.78

21.4 ± 0.76

20.3 ± 0.61

20.3 ± 0.76

20.5 ± 0.72

20.5 ± 0.73

 VLDL-P size, nm

49.2 ± 8.39

49.9 ± 9.19

51.9 ± 8.32

52.9 ± 7.68

51.0 ± 7.64

51.2 ± 8.77

Apolipoproteins

 Apo A1, mg/dL

156 ± 26.5

165 ± 27.6

140 ± 22.7

142 ± 23.8

138 ± 24.7

146 ± 24.6

 Apo A2, mg/dL

39.7 ± 6.48

40.0 ± 7.30

37.1 ± 6.33

37.4 ± 7.07

34.4 ± 5.39

37.1 ± 6.13

 Apo B100, mg/dL

82.0 ± 20.4

81.1 ± 21.0

86.0 ± 21.0

85.8 ± 23.7

89.0 ± 21.1

89.2 ± 26.7

 Apo C3, mg/dL

9.87 ± 3.54

10.1 ± 4.25

13.0 ± 5.33

12.7 ± 5.51

12.7 ± 4.41

12.8 ± 4.74

Other parameters

 Adiponectin, ng/mL

10,285 ± 6947

12,124 ± 7733

6690 ± 6315

5527 ± 5794

5950 ± 3903

6307 ± 4616

 CETP, pmol/mL/min

22.1 ± 6.43

22.0 ± 5.77

18.41 ± 4.44

20.0 ± 6.10

19.2 ± 5.03

18.3 ± 5.70

 CETP, μg/mL

2.36 ± 0.55

2.40 ± 0.62

1.86 ± 0.44

1.94 ± 0.58

2.13 ± 0.49

2.10 ± 0.53

 Serum CEC, %

11.4 ± 3.49

12.1 ± 3.12

11.7 ± 2.88

11.4 ± 3.02

12.7 ± 3.47

12.9 ± 3.05

 Free fatty acid, mEq/L

0.54 ± 0.35

0.56 ± 0.32

0.59 ± 0.18

0.64 ± 0.24

0.56 ± 0.23

0.59 ± 0.22