Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Multipolar pacing by cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillators treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus failing heart patients: impact on responders rate, and clinical outcomes

Fig. 1

In this figure study flow chart representation. The study was conducted by the following phases: screening phase, inclusion phase, intervention phase, follow up phase. In the screening phase, 213 consecutive T2DM patients [with chronic heart failure lasting for at least 3 months, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III, left bundle brunch block, severe left ventricle ejection fraction reduction (LVEF < 35%)], and an indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-d) treatment, were screened to be included in the study (see the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the text). In the inclusion phase 199 patients of this screened population were identified, and included for participation in this study (see inclusion and exclusion criteria in the text). This phase was followed by intervention phase, in that 199 patients received a CRT-d device implant. The CRT-d implant was randomly performed by multipolar (n 101 patients) vs bipolar (n 98 patients) left ventricle pacing lead. After the CRT-d treatment these patients were ambulatory monitored by clinical and instrumental assessment as described in the text during follow up phase. Nine nine patients in multipolar CRT group vs 96 patients in the bipolar CRT group completed the follow up (two patients have refused to participate in the study, one have refused to receive a CRT-d, and one have been lost at follow up)

Back to article page