Table 1 Clinical characteristics, serum LBP levels, and aortic PWV in all subjects as well as in men and women with type 2 diabetes

N

196

101

95

–

Age (years)

61 ± 14

60 ± 13

62 ± 15

0.346

Duration of diabetes (years)

10 (3–18)

10 (2–20)

10 (5–16)

0.589

BMI (kg/m²)

27.1 ± 6.1

26.9 ± 5.5

27.3 ± 6.7

0.640

Waist circumference (cm)

92 ± 15

93 ± 13

91 ± 16

0.252

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

135 ± 20

135 ± 19

135 ± 20

0.962

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80 ± 12

81 ± 11

77 ± 13

0.022

Smoker n (%)

41 (20.9)

34 (33.7)

7 (7.4)

<0.001

Antihyperglycemic agents n (%)

168 (85.7)

86 (85.2)

82 (86.3)

0.816

Statins n (%)

80 (40.8)

38 (37.6)

42 (44.2)

0.348

RAS inhibitors n (%)

72 (36.7)

34 (33.7)

38 (40.0)

0.358

Calcium-channel blockers n (%)

74 (37.8)

35 (34.7)

39 (41.1)

0.356

Albumin (g/dL)

4.0 ± 0.5

4.1 ± 0.6

4.0 ± 0.4

0.205

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.95 ± 0.58

1.07 ± 0.59

0.82 ± 0.55

0.002

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

67.3 ± 23.7

66.3 ± 21.8

68.3 ± 25.7

0.548

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

129 ± 37

127 ± 39

132 ± 34

0.367

HbA1c (%)

8.3 ± 1.9

8.3 ± 2.0

8.3 ± 1.7

0.950

HOMA-R^a

2.3 (1.5–3.7)

2.2 (1.5–3.4)

2.6 (1.6–3.9)

0.287

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

120 (85–163)

131 (88–176)

106 (76–156)

0.020

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

45 ± 12

42 ± 10

48 ± 14

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

116 ± 42

120 ± 49

111 ± 32

0.105

hs-CRP (mg/L)

0.70 (0.27–1.58)

0.65 (0.25–1.12)

0.79 (0.29–1.95)

0.221

LBP (μg/mL)

18.2 ± 6.3

17.7 ± 5.8

18.7 ± 6.7

0.267

Aortic PWV (cm/s)

1194 ± 346

1224 ± 350

1162 ± 340

0.209