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Fig. 9 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 9

From: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition with linagliptin reduces western diet-induced myocardial TRAF3IP2 expression, inflammation and fibrosis in female mice

Fig. 9

Linagliptin inhibits aldosterone (Aldo)-induced cardiac fibroblast activation and migration. The MR agonist, Aldo upregulated TRAF3IP2 expression in a dose-dependent manner (a) and pretreatment with the MR antagonist spironolactone and silencing MR each attenuated Aldo-induced TRAF3IP2 expression (b and c). Further, linagliptin inhibited Aldo-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by reduced H2O2 generation (d), and the induction of CTGF, MCP-1, and IL-18 (e). Moreover, linagliptin inhibited upregulation in extracellular matrix proteins collagens Iα1 and IIIα1, and AT1R (f). These results were recapitulated by TRAF3IP2 knockdown (e and f). Importantly, linagliptin inhibited CF activation and migration (g), the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis. These in vitro experiments were performed at least three times, and a representative immunoblot is shown

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