Plasma matrix metalloproteinases are associated with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up study

Table 4 Associations between plasma lnMMP-1, -2, -3, -9 and -10 and lnTIMP-1 and estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion, low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction

Model	eGFR			Ln-UAE			LGI			ED
Model	β	95% CI	p value	β	95% CI	p value	β	95% CI	p value	β	95% CI	p value
MMP-1
1	−4.15	−6.58; −1.73	0.001	−0.01	−0.13; 0.11	0.912	0.14	0.02; 0.25	0.017	−0.07	−0.18; 0.05	0.249
2	−2.90	−5.22; −0.57	0.015	−0.03	−0.14; 0.08	0.588	0.11	0.00; 0.22	0.045	−0.12	−0.23; −0.01	0.031
MMP-2
1	−11.9	−14.27; −9.56	<0.001	0.29	0.16; 0.41	<0.001	−0.02	−0.14; 0.10	0.770	0.06	−0.06; 0.18	0.333
2	−10.1	−12.48; −7.64	<0.001	0.19	0.07; 0.32	0.002	0.02	−0.11; 0.15	0.759	0.07	−0.06; 0.19	0.318
MMP-3
1	−12.6	−15.37; −9.92	<0.001	0.28	0.13; 0.42	<0.001	0.02	−0.12; 0.16	0.779	0.02	−0.12; 0.16	0.792
2	−10.3	−13.05; −7.64	<0.001	0.16	0.02; 0.30	0.022	0.05	−0.09; 0.19	0.513	0.02	−0.12; 0.16	0.818
MMP-9
1	−0.72	−3.13; 1.70	0.559	0.02	−0.09; 0.14	0.708	0.28	0.18; 0.39	<0.001	0.05	−0.06; 0.16	0.347
2	−0.14	−2.56; 2.29	0.912	0.02	−0.10; 0.13	0.781	0.22	0.11; 0.33	<0.001	−0.03	−0.15; 0.08	0.580
MMP-10
1	−6.45	−8.70; −4.19	<0.001	0.08	−0.03; 0.20	0.146	0.14	0.03; 0.25	0.010	0.13	0.03; 0.24	0.015
2	−6.18	−8.32; −4.03	<0.001	0.11	0.00; 0.21	0.045	0.09	−0.02; 0.19	0.104	0.09	−0.02; 0.19	0.110
TIMP-1
1	−10.2	−12.65; −7.82	<0.001	0.26	0.14; 0.39	<0.001	0.30	0.19; 0.42	<0.001	0.23	0.11; 0.35	<0.001
2	−8.13	−10.58; −5.68	<0.001	0.17	0.05; 0.29	0.005	0.33	0.21; 0.45	<0.001	0.22	0.10; 0.34	<0.001

The standardized regression coefficient β represents the difference in eGFR (in ml/min/1.73 m²), lnUAE (in mg/24 h), LGI (in SD) or ED (in SD) per 1 SD increase in lnMMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -10 and lnTIMP-1
MMP matrix metalloproteinase, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, nephropathy-no nephropathy status and duration of diabetes
Model 2 Model 1 + MAP, BMI, smoking status, total cholesterol, use of antihypertensive agents and continuation of medication use at baseline

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