Table 1 Clinical data, medication and demographics
From: Retinal vessel diameters and reactivity in diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease
|  | DM (n = 36) | CVD (n = 43) | DM and CVD (n = 37) |
|---|---|---|---|
DM type: 1/2 | 2/34 | – | 1/36 |
Ethnicity: CA/SA/B | 28/4/4 | 37/4/2 | 32/5/0 |
Age (years) | 64 (10) | 64 (11) | 65 (9) |
Gender (m/f) | 24/12 | 30/13 | 32/5 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130 (13) | 125 (19) | 125 (16) |
DBP (mmHg) | 75 (9) | 75 (13) | 67 (10)* |
HR (beats per minute) | 76 (14) | 67 (11)* | 72 (16) |
IOP (mmHg) | 15 (3)+ | 13 (2) | 14 (2) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31 (6) | 27 (4)* | 31 (6) |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58 (15) | 42 (3)* | 61 (20) |
DM duration (years) | 11 (4.5–16) | – | 10 (4–17) |
Medications | |||
 Calcium channel blocker | 20, 56% | 13, 30% | 14, 38% |
 ACEI/ARB | 23, 64% | 31, 72% | 30, 81% |
 Metformin | 26, 72% | – | 21, 57% |
 Sulphonylurea | 7, 19% | – | 7, 19% |
 DPP-4 inhibitor | 8, 22% | – | 6, 16% |
 Insulin | 15, 42% | – | 14, 38% |
 GLP-1 agonist | 4, 11% | – | 4, 11% |
 Piaglitazone | 4, 11% |  | 2, 5% |
 Lipid-lowering | 26, 72% | 41, 95% | 36, 97% |
 Aspirin | 11, 31% | 35, 81% | 30, 81% |
 Clopidogrel | 1, 3% | 7, 16% | 7, 19% |
 Nitrate | – | 11, 26% | 11, 30% |
 Oral anticoagulant | 6, 17% | 5, 12% | 5, 14% |
 Beta-blocker | 10, 28% | 19, 44% | 22, 59% |
 Diuretic | 18, 50% | 9, 21% | 18, 49% |
 Thyroxine | 6, 17% | 6, 14% | 3, 8% |
Cardiovascular disease | |||
 Coronary artery disease | – | 31, 72% | 30, 81% |
 Peripheral artery disease | – | 5, 12% | 4, 11% |
 Cerebrovascular disease | – | 8, 19% | 3, 8% |