Fig. 2

Prospective fat-modulating interventions for cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity and T2DM. In addition to lifestyle modifications on diet and exercise, cardiovascular complications in patients with increased VAT and EAT may be treated with statins or genetic manipulations (focused on USF1, CIDE-A, PGC1a, UCP-1, PRDM-16 or miR-125b-5p) to decrease WAT thickness/pro-inflammation in EAT or increase WAT browning in VAT, respectively. More significant, PPARγ agonists could promote these effects particularly in EAT, and additionally, incretin stimulation might also induce adipocyte hyperplasia, and subsequent insulin sensitivity