Fig. 3

Meta-analysis of reported risk ratios for incident type-2 diabetes per quintile of Lp(a) concentration. Based on a fixed-effect meta-analysis of data from: the Bruneck study (Model 3, adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking status, socioeconomic status, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, log hsCRP and waist–hip ratio); the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study (results adjusted for: age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status, lipid lowering therapy, and postmenopausal status and hormone replacement therapy among women); the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk study (results adjusted for: age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, smoking status, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, family history of diabetes, physical activity, education, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, prevalent cancer, CHD or stroke, antihypertension medication, lipid-lowering drugs, and CRP); and the Women’s Health Study (results adjusted for: age, race, RCT assignment, smoking status, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of diabetes, blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c). Studies are weighted using the inverse variance method. Mean Lp(a) concentrations in each quintile were estimated by taking the average of the median Lp(a) concentrations in each quintile across studies, weighted by the number of participants, excluding the Women’s Health Study which did not report median Lp(a) concentrations by quintile