Subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and incident type 2 diabetes risk: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Table 3 Baseline echocardiographic parameters associated with incident type 2 diabetes

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate^a
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	P value^b
LA volume index (mL/m²)	1.013 (0.993–1.034)	0.189	1.017 (0.995–1.040)	0.133	0.933
LV mass index (g/m²)	1.016 (1.008–1.024)	<0.001	1.009 (1.000–1.018)	0.040	0.283
LV hypertrophy (yes vs. no)	1.526 (1.088–2.141)	0.014	1.198 (0.806–1.780)	0.371	1.000
TDI Sm velocity (cm/s)	0.856 (0.772–0.949)	0.003	0.914 (0.816–1.024)	0.119	0.836
TDI Em velocity (cm/s)	0.742 (0.685–0.804)	<0.001	0.867 (0.786–0.957)	0.004	0.031
E/Em ratio	1.147 (1.094–1.201)	<0.001	1.076 (1.017–1.137)	0.010	0.071
LV diastolic dysfunction (yes vs. no)	2.239 (1.726–2.905)	<0.001	1.617 (1.191–2.196)	0.002	0.014

BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle, NGM normal glucose metabolism, OR odds ratio, TDI tissue Doppler imaging, TG triglycerides
^aModel was adjusted for age, sex, BMI ≥23 kg/m², baseline glucose metabolism (NGM vs. prediabetes), hypertension, statin therapy, family history of diabetes, smoking status, alcohol intake, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, TG/HDL ratio, and hsCRP. Each echocardiographic variable was tested separately in a multivariate model
^bCorrected P values using Bonferroni method for multiple comparisons

ISSN: 1475-2840