|
Variable
|
All participants (n = 1817)
|
Not developing type 2 diabetes (n = 1544)
|
Developing type 2 diabetes (n = 273)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
53.5 ± 6.7
|
53.1 ± 6.4
|
55.7 ± 7.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Male (%)
|
47.9
|
48.1
|
47.3
|
0.844
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.5 ± 2.7
|
24.3 ± 2.6
|
25.4 ± 2.8
|
<0.001
|
|
Systolic BP (mmHg)
|
110.3 ± 13.5
|
109.4 ± 13.3
|
115.1 ± 13.6
|
<0.001
|
|
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
|
74.6 ± 9.5
|
74.3 ± 9.6
|
76.1 ± 9.1
|
0.002
|
|
Heart rate (bpm)
|
65.0 ± 6.9
|
64.9 ± 6.9
|
65.4 ± 6.9
|
0.318
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
22.1
|
19.7
|
35.9
|
<0.001
|
|
Antihypertensive therapy (%)
|
16.8
|
14.5
|
29.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
|
90.9 ± 8.4
|
89.9 ± 7.8
|
96.3 ± 9.7
|
<0.001
|
|
2-h glucose (mg/dL)
|
134.3 ± 30.6
|
129.8 ± 28.4
|
160.0 ± 29.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Fasting insulin (µIU/mL)
|
8.70 ± 4.03
|
8.52 ± 3.99
|
9.71 ± 4.12
|
<0.001
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
5.43 ± 0.35
|
5.39 ± 0.33
|
5.65 ± 0.38
|
<0.001
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
1.97 ± 0.98
|
1.91 ± 0.95
|
2.33 ± 1.06
|
<0.001
|
|
Family history of diabetes (%)
|
17.5
|
16.6
|
22.7
|
0.016
|
|
Glucose metabolism (%)
|
<0.001
|
|
NGM
|
43.4
|
49.2
|
10.6
| |
|
Prediabetes
|
56.6
|
50.8
|
89.4
| |
|
Current smoker (%)
|
13.5
|
14.3
|
9.2
|
0.021
|
|
Current alcohol drinker (%)
|
50.0
|
50.1
|
49.5
|
0.896
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
202.5 ± 34.2
|
202.1 ± 34.5
|
204.8 ± 32.9
|
0.217
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
45.5 ± 10.6
|
45.9 ± 10.6
|
43.5 ± 10.5
|
0.001
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
|
134.6 ± 83.0
|
129.6 ± 79.5
|
162.3 ± 96.1
|
<0.001
|
|
Statin therapy (%)
|
2.5
|
1.4
|
3.4
|
0.007
|
|
hsCRP (mg/L)
|
1.39 ± 4.17
|
1.28 ± 3.93
|
2.03 ± 5.31
|
0.006
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL)
|
0.95 ± 0.15
|
0.95 ± 0.14
|
0.96 ± 0.16
|
0.282
|
-
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, NGM normal glucose metabolism
