Fig. 3
The effects of the Nrf2 activator dh404 on oxidative stress markers. Treatment with dh404 resulted in increased gene expression levels of HO-1 (a) and NQO1 (b). Dh404 treatment also resulted in attenuation of oxidative stress markers in basal and TNF-α treated control and diabetic HAECs. Oxidative stress markers are measured using DCFDA (c and d) and Amplex red (e and f) assays. Gene expression is relative to control HAECs. Data are presented as ±SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and **** P < 0.0001 as indicated. #P < 0.05 versus diabetic HAECs. A.U: arbitrary units. N = 6–8 per group