Table 3 Microvascular and macrovascular parameters after 6 weeks
| Â | Baseline | Placebo | Dapagliflozin | p value placebo vs. dapagliflozin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD (change from baseline) | p value vs. baseline | Mean ± SD (change from baseline) | p value vs. baseline | |||
Microvascular | ||||||
Retinal capillary flow (AU) | 324 ± 84 | 318 ± 87 (−6 ± 45) | 0.334 | 308 ± 78 (−16 ± 53) | 0.028 | 0.157 |
Retinal capillary flow after flicker, (AU) | 351 ± 96 | 352 ± 101 (+2 ± 65) | 0.838 | 344 ± 115 (−7 ± 84) | 0.525 | 0.477 |
Outer arteriole diameter (µm) | 109 ± 11 | 109 ± 12 (+1 ± 8) | 0.599 | 109 ± 12 (+1 ± .9) | 0.572 | 0.893 |
Arteriole lumen diameter (µm) | 79.6 ± 7.6 | 79.0 ± 7.8 (-0.7 ± 6.1) | 0.435 | 80.4 ± 7.8 (+0.7 ± 6.5) | 0.410 | 0.074 |
Wall/lumen ratio | 0.36 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.1 (+0.03 ± 0.1) | 0.034 | 0.36 ± 0.1 (+0.01 ± 0.1) | 0.524 | 0.086 |
Wall thickness (µm) | 14.5 ± 3.4 | 15.1 ± 3.6 (+0.6 ± 3.1) | 0.149 | 14.5 ± 3.3 (0.0 ± 3.1) | 0.981 | 0.096 |
Wall cross section area (µm2) | 4338 ± 1291 | 4531 ± 1373 (+194 ± 1121) | 0.210 | 4378 ± 1331 (+41 ± 1176) | 0.800 | 0.231 |
Macrovascular | ||||||
Central systolic BP (mmHg) | 121 ± 13 | 121 ± 13 (0 ± 11) | 0.756 | 118 ± 11 (−3 ± 11) | 0.035 | 0.084 |
Central diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79 ± 8 | 77 ± 8 (−2 ± 7) | 0.050 | 77 ± 7 (−2 ± 7) | 0.020 | 0.951 |
Central pulse pressure (mmHg) | 42.1 ± 11 | 43.6 ± 11 (+1.5 ± 8) | 0.185 | 40.9 ± 11 (−1.1± 10) | 0.405 | 0.050 |
Central heart rate (bpm) | 63.9 ± 8.8 | 63.2 ± 7.5 (−0.7 ± 5.8) | 0.398 | 62.3 ± 7.9 (−1.6 ± 4.5) | 0.011 | 0.359 |
Augmentation pressure (mmHg) | 12.8 ± 5.8 | 13.3 ± 6.4 (+0.4 ± 3.6) | 0.392 | 12.9 ± 6.0 (+0.1 ± 4.0) | 0.918 | 0.536 |
Augmentation index | 29.3 ± 7.9 | 29.3 ± 8.3 (0.0 ± 5.1) | 1.0 | 30.1 ± 8.4 (+0.9 ± 5.0) | 0.213 | 0.372 |
Augmentation index @75a | 24.0 ± 7.3 | 23.6 ± 8.1 (−0.4 ± 4.6) | 0.556 | 24.1 ± 8.7 (+0.1 ± 4.6) | 0.929 | 0.603 |