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Table 1 Participant characteristics of studies included in meta-analysis on LTH

From: The association between diabetes and dermal microvascular dysfunction non-invasively assessed by laser Doppler with local thermal hyperemia: a systematic review with meta-analysis

First author and year; Ref. no

Group type

N

DM type (N)

Gender

M/F

Age (years)

BMI

Duration of DM (years)

HbA1c (%)

BP (mmHg)

Quality score****

Petrofsky et al. [45]

Diabetes

10

NA

NA

65

30.9

NA

7.9 ± 2.1

NA

8

Control

10

–

NA

55

30.3

–

–

NA

 

Aellen et al. [42]

Diabetes + hypertension

1

2

13/8

61

31.5

NA

6.7 ± 0.8

132 ± 16/81 ± 10***

12

Normotensive control

21

–

10/11

53

23.3

–

–

120 ± 10/78 ± 7***

 

Brugler et al. [49]

(a) Diabetic dermopathy

25

1

19/6

51

NA

28 ± 15

7.5 ± 1.5

NA

7.5

(b) Diabetic control

58

1

27/31

41

NA

23 ± 15.2

8.1 ± 1.5

NA

 

Control

67

–

47/20

47

NA

–

–

NA

 

Petrofsky et al. [44]

Diabetes

10

NA

NA

61

33.9

2 to 13

7.4 ± 1.3

NA

6

Control

10

–

NA

60

27.1

–

–

NA

 

Matheus et al. [53]

Diabetes

57

1

24/33

33*

23.7

13* (8–20)**

9.5* (7.5–10.8)**

11 HT

13

Control

53

–

24/29

27*

23.8

–

5.3* (5.0–5.6)**

0 HT

 

Gomes et al. [52]

Diabetes

50

1

21/29

33

NA

15 ± 9.19

NA

NA

9

Control

46

–

22/24

Matched ± 5 years

Matched

–

NA

NA

 

Ngo et al. [51]

(a) Diabetic dermopathy

18

1 (7), 2 (11)

4/14

57

NA

17 ± 12.7

8.4 ± 1.7

NA

6.5

(b) Diabetic control

24

1 (21), 2 (3)

3/22

42

NA

23 ± 9.8

8.1 ± 2.0

NA

 

Control

48

–

4/44

44

NA

–

–

NA

 

Forst et al. [46]

Diabetes

13

1 (6), 2 (7)

7/6

46

NA

4.8 ± 4.9

6.5 ± 1.1

NA

8

Control

7

–

5/2

38

NA

–

–

NA

 

Wigington et al. [50]

Diabetes

61

1 and 2

52/9

58

NA

15 ± 7.8

8.3 ± 1.6

NA

4.5

Control

41

–

30/11

53

NA

–

–

NA

 

Å krha et al. [47]

(a) Microangiopathic diabetes

24

1

12/12

44

24.2

26 ± 9

7.9 ± 1.3

126 ± 14/81 ± 7

10

(b) Non-microangiopathic diabetes

20

1

9/10

32

23.1

12 ± 8

7.6 ± 1.1

120 ± 12/78 ± 8

 

Control

25

–

12/13

39

23.6

–

4.7 ± 0.3

122 ± 6/77 ± 6

 

Arora et al. [54]

(a) Neuropathic diabetes

15

1 (5), 2 (10)

9/6

55

27.2

18.9 (2–35)

NA

NA

9

(b) Non-neuropathic diabetes

14

1 (4), 2 (10)

8/6

49

27.4

18.3 (1–44)

NA

NA

 

Control

15

–

8/7

48

26.1

–

–

NA

 

Morris et al. [43]

Diabetes

14

2

14/0

59

25.9

9.1 ± 7.1

6.5 ± 0.7

89 ± 11.2 (MAP)

9

Control

14

–

14/0

59

26.2

–

4.8 ± 0.4

95 ± 7.5 (MAP)

 

Rendell et al. [48]

Diabetes

35

1

18/17

33

NA

14 ± 5.9

11.3 ± 3.5

NA

7

Control

30

–

14/16

31

NA

–

–

NA

 
  1. If publications only presented the SEM, the SD was calculated by multiplying SEM with the square root of the sample size. NA means not available in publication, HT hypertensive patients, MAP mean arterial pressure
  2. * Mean ± SD or median
  3. ** Values between brackets represent the range or interquartile range
  4. *** Mean of visit 1 and 2
  5. **** The maximal quality score that could be obtained was 17