First author and year; Ref. no | Group type | N | DM type (N) | Gender M/F | Age (years) | BMI | Duration of DM (years) | HbA1c (%) | BP (mmHg) | Quality score**** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petrofsky et al. [45] | Diabetes | 10 | NA | NA | 65 | 30.9 | NA | 7.9 ± 2.1 | NA | 8 |
Control | 10 | – | NA | 55 | 30.3 | – | – | NA |  | |
Aellen et al. [42] | Diabetes + hypertension | 1 | 2 | 13/8 | 61 | 31.5 | NA | 6.7 ± 0.8 | 132 ± 16/81 ± 10*** | 12 |
Normotensive control | 21 | – | 10/11 | 53 | 23.3 | – | – | 120 ± 10/78 ± 7*** |  | |
Brugler et al. [49] | (a) Diabetic dermopathy | 25 | 1 | 19/6 | 51 | NA | 28 ± 15 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | NA | 7.5 |
(b) Diabetic control | 58 | 1 | 27/31 | 41 | NA | 23 ± 15.2 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | NA |  | |
Control | 67 | – | 47/20 | 47 | NA | – | – | NA |  | |
Petrofsky et al. [44] | Diabetes | 10 | NA | NA | 61 | 33.9 | 2 to 13 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | NA | 6 |
Control | 10 | – | NA | 60 | 27.1 | – | – | NA |  | |
Matheus et al. [53] | Diabetes | 57 | 1 | 24/33 | 33* | 23.7 | 13* (8–20)** | 9.5* (7.5–10.8)** | 11 HT | 13 |
Control | 53 | – | 24/29 | 27* | 23.8 | – | 5.3* (5.0–5.6)** | 0 HT |  | |
Gomes et al. [52] | Diabetes | 50 | 1 | 21/29 | 33 | NA | 15 ± 9.19 | NA | NA | 9 |
Control | 46 | – | 22/24 | Matched ± 5 years | Matched | – | NA | NA |  | |
Ngo et al. [51] | (a) Diabetic dermopathy | 18 | 1 (7), 2 (11) | 4/14 | 57 | NA | 17 ± 12.7 | 8.4 ± 1.7 | NA | 6.5 |
(b) Diabetic control | 24 | 1 (21), 2 (3) | 3/22 | 42 | NA | 23 ± 9.8 | 8.1 ± 2.0 | NA |  | |
Control | 48 | – | 4/44 | 44 | NA | – | – | NA |  | |
Forst et al. [46] | Diabetes | 13 | 1 (6), 2 (7) | 7/6 | 46 | NA | 4.8 ± 4.9 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | NA | 8 |
Control | 7 | – | 5/2 | 38 | NA | – | – | NA |  | |
Wigington et al. [50] | Diabetes | 61 | 1 and 2 | 52/9 | 58 | NA | 15 ± 7.8 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | NA | 4.5 |
Control | 41 | – | 30/11 | 53 | NA | – | – | NA |  | |
Škrha et al. [47] | (a) Microangiopathic diabetes | 24 | 1 | 12/12 | 44 | 24.2 | 26 ± 9 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 126 ± 14/81 ± 7 | 10 |
(b) Non-microangiopathic diabetes | 20 | 1 | 9/10 | 32 | 23.1 | 12 ± 8 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 120 ± 12/78 ± 8 |  | |
Control | 25 | – | 12/13 | 39 | 23.6 | – | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 122 ± 6/77 ± 6 |  | |
Arora et al. [54] | (a) Neuropathic diabetes | 15 | 1 (5), 2 (10) | 9/6 | 55 | 27.2 | 18.9 (2–35) | NA | NA | 9 |
(b) Non-neuropathic diabetes | 14 | 1 (4), 2 (10) | 8/6 | 49 | 27.4 | 18.3 (1–44) | NA | NA |  | |
Control | 15 | – | 8/7 | 48 | 26.1 | – | – | NA |  | |
Morris et al. [43] | Diabetes | 14 | 2 | 14/0 | 59 | 25.9 | 9.1 ± 7.1 | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 89 ± 11.2 (MAP) | 9 |
Control | 14 | – | 14/0 | 59 | 26.2 | – | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 95 ± 7.5 (MAP) |  | |
Rendell et al. [48] | Diabetes | 35 | 1 | 18/17 | 33 | NA | 14 ± 5.9 | 11.3 ± 3.5 | NA | 7 |
Control | 30 | – | 14/16 | 31 | NA | – | – | NA |  |