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Table 2 Summary of the known roles of miRs in the development of cardiovascular diseases [221]

From: Exercise mediated protection of diabetic heart through modulation of microRNA mediated molecular pathways

MicroRNA

Expression in cardiovascular disease

Direct target(s)

Pathophysiological effect(s)

Reference(s)

MiR-1

Downregulated

JCN, Fbln2

Cardiac hypertrophy, remodelling, arrhythmias, cardiomyocyte apoptosis

[197, 207,208,209, 237]

MiR-133

Downregulated

CTGF, Bim, Bmf, Caspase-9

Cardiac remodelling, cardiomyocyte apoptosis

[192, 195,196,197]

MiR-499

Downregulated

Pdcd4, Pacs2, Dyrk2

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis

[210]

MiR-222

Downregulated

Hmbox-1, HIPK-1, HIPK-2, p27, p57

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cellular senescence, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis

[211,212,213,214]

MiR-126

Downregulated

SPRED1, PIK3R2

Coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, endothelial cell apoptosis

[215,216,217]

  1. Junctin, JCN; Fibulin-2, Fbln2; Connective tissue growth factor, CTGF; B-cell lymphoma-2 like 11, Bim; B-cell lymphoma-2 modifying factor, Bmf; Programmed cell death 4, Pdcd4; Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2, Pacs2; Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 2, Dyrk2; Homeodomain interacting protein kinase, HIPK; Homeobox containing 1, Hmbox1; Sprout related EVH1 domain containing 1, SPRED; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2, PIK3R2