Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables in subjects with diabetic foot and in controls (diabetic subjects without diabetic foot and subjects without diabetes)
| Â | Subjects with diabetic foot (n: 50) | Diabetic subjects without diabetic foot (n: 50) | Healthy controls (n: 53) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
M/F (n/%) | 35/15 (70/30) | 27/23 (54/46) | 26/27 (49.1/50.9) | 0.087 |
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 61.6 ± 10.1 | 60.6 ± 12.5 | 63.0 ± 13.9 | 0.71 |
SBP (mm/hg) (mean ± SD) | 135.0 ± 21.8 | 124.5 ± 16.8 | 116.3 ± 13.4 | <0.0001 |
DBP (mm/hg) (mean ± SD) | 67.9 ± 10.7 | 70.9 ± 11.2 | 71.3 ± 12.7 | 0.283 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 30.2 ± 6.4 | 29.9 ± 4.5 | 25.1 ± 4.3 | <0.0001 |
BSA (mean ± SD) | 2.02 ± 0.23 | 1.97 ± 0.25 | 1.79 ± 0.23 | <0.0001 |
Creatinin (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 1.05–0.27 | 1.01 ± 0.27 | 0.90 ± 0.11 | 0.008 |
EGFR (ml/min) (mean ± SD) | 73.46 ± 13.48 | 73.38 ± 13.53 | 92.59 ± 6.06 | <0.0001 |
Micro albuminuria (n/Â %) | 12 | 14 | 0 | <0.0001 |
Hypertension (n/%) | 46 (92) | 31 (62) | 5 (9) | <0.0001 |
Previous cardiovascular events (n/%) | 12 (24) | 5 (1) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
Previous stroke (n/%) | 3 (6) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.202 |
Dyslipidaemia (n/%) | 35 (70) | 22 (44) | 8 (15.1) | <0.0001 |
AIX (%) (mean ± SD) | 139.1 ± 19.2/27.3 ± 9.8 | 145.0 ± 27.5/29.0 ± 12.1 | 130.8 ± 34.8/22.3 ± 14.8 | 0.039 |
PWV (m/sec) (mean ± SD) | 14.3 ± 3.8 | 11.9 ± 2.6 | 9.2 ± 1.9 | <0.0001 |
RHI (mean ± SD) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
MMSE (mean/sd) | 26.5 ± 3.6 | 27.42 ± 2.3 | 29.2 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
(HbA1c) (%) (mean/sd) | 8.2 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | – | <0.0001 |
Antihypertensive drugs (%/n) | ||||
 Ace-inhibitors | (26/52) | 23 (46) | 0 | <0.0001 |
 ARBs | 13 (26) | 10 (20) | 0 | <0.0001 |
 (CCB) | 10 (20) | 9 (18) | 0 | <0.0001 |
Statins (%/n) | 29 (58) | 28 (56) | 0 | <0.0001 |
Antidiabetic drugs (%/n) | ||||
 Sulfonylureas | 23 (46) | 21 (42) | 0 | <0.0001 |
 Metformin | 22 (44) | 23 (46) | 0 | <0.0001 |
 Insulin | 38 (76) | 31 (62) | 0 | <0.0001 |