Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 2 Multivariable Cox regression analyses for risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients

From: Impact of diabetes on the predictive value of heart failure biomarkers

	All-cause death			Cardiovascular death
	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
Age	1.04	1.02–1.06	<0.001	1.02	1.00–1.05	0.04
Female sex	0.77	0.54–1.11	0.16	0.70	0.43–1.13	0.15
Ischemic etiology of HF	0.90	0.64–1.27	0.56	0.98	0.63–1.52	0.92
LVEF	1.01	1.00–1.03	0.02	1.02	1.00–1.03	0.03
NYHA functional class	1.83	1.37–2.44	<0.001	1.75	1.18–2.58	0.005
eGFR	1.00	0.99–1.02	0.55	1.00	0.99–1.01	0.69
Hemoglobin	1.02	0.96–1.13	0.72	1.01	0.89–1.15	0.85
ACEI or ARB treatment	0.78	0.47–1.28	0.32	0.76	0.39–1.49	0.42
β-blocker treatment	0.93	0.52–1.65	0.79	1.06	0.49–2.30	0.89
NT-proBNP^a	1.15	0.93–1.43	0.21	1.24	0.93–1.65	0.15
Hs-TnT^a	1.32	1.08–1.63	0.008	1.53	1.13–2.05	0.005
ST2^b	1.20	1.09–1.33	<0.001	1.18	1.03–1.34	0.01
Neprilysin^a	0.99	0.85–1.16	0.91	0.99	0.80–1.22	0.94
Galectin-3^a	1.12	0.92–1.37	0.25	1.27	1.03–1.57	0.02
Cystatin-C^a	1.31	1.11–1.54	0.001	1.22	0.82–1.82	0.32
Hs-CRP^a	0.91	0.78–1.06	0.24	1.05	0.85–1.29	0.65
STfR^a	1.06	0.88–1.28	0.54	1.06	0.83–1.34	0.65

All p values are those found in the last step remaining in the model. p value for (ST2)²: All-cause mortality, p = 0.005; Cardiovascular mortality, p = 0.08. p value for (log-hs-TnT)²: All-cause mortality, p = 0.02; Cardiovascular mortality, p = 0.007
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI equation), hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein, hs-TnT high-sensitivity troponin T, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, STfR soluble transferrin receptor
^aLog-transformed and per 1 SD
^bPer 10 ng/mL

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