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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and treatment during follow-up categorised according to diabetic status

From: Impact of diabetes on the predictive value of heart failure biomarkers

Characteristics

Nondiabetic

N = 684

DM

N = 385

p value

Age, years

65.3 ± 14

67.8 ± 10.3

0.002

Men

501 (73.2)

267 (69.4)

0.17

White

677 (99)

384 (99.7)

0.18

Aetiology

  

<0.001

 Ischaemic heart failure

310 (45.3)

235 (61)

<0.001

 Dilated cardiomyopathy

80 (11.7)

43 (11.2)

0.94

 Hypertensive

60 (8.8)

37 (9.6)

0.50

 Valvular

81 (11.8)

36 (9.4)

0.15

 Alcohol

48 (7)

10 (2.6)

0.001

 Other

105 (15.3)

24 (6.2)

0.01

HF duration, months

24 (3–70.8)

24 (4–71.6)

0.77

LVEF, %

33.7 ± 13.3

33.1 ± 13.2

0.61

NYHA class III–IV

154 (22.5)

107 (27.8)

0.54

Hypertension

392 (44.2)

286 (74.3)

<0.001

Peripheral arteriopathy

75 (11)

82 (21.3)

<0.001

COPD

125 (18.3)

56 (14.5)

0.12

BMI, Kg/m2

26.4 (23.9–29.7)

27.6 (25–31.2)

<0.001

Heart rate, bpm

71.4 ± 14.6

73 ± 13.5

0.07

Blood pressure, mmHg

125.8 ± 22.2

128.8 ± 23.4

0.04

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

57.7 ± 27.2

50.9 ± 24.9

<0.001

Sodium, mmol/L

139.2 ± 3.4

137.9 ± 8.4

<0.001

Haemoglobin, g/dL

13.1 ± 1.9

12.5 ± 1.8

<0.001

Biomarkers

 NTproBNP, ng/L

1183 (494–2679)

1469 (629–3697)

0.007

 hs-TnT, ng/L

19.1 (9.1–36.4)

28.6 (14.7–44.6)

<0.001

 ST2, ng/mL

38 (30.3–49.9)

38.6 (31.3–52.6)

0.23

 hs-CRP, mg/L

3.2 (1.3–8.3)

4.2 (1.4–8.7)

0.28

 Galectin-3, ng/mL

15.6 (11.8–21.5)

17.4 (14–23.4)

<0.001

 Cystatin-C, mg/L

1.28 (1.04.–1.73)

1.42 (1.13–1.89)

0.001

 Neprilysin, ng/mL

0.63 (0.38–1.23)

0.66 (0.39–1.09)

0.71

 STfR, mg/L

3.6 (2.8–4.6)

3.9 (3–4.9)

0.005

Treatments, N (%)

 ACEI or ARB

617 (90.2)

335 (87.0)

0.11

 Beta-blocker

611 (89.3)

353 (91.7)

0.21

 MRA

378 (55.3)

245 (63.6)

0.008

 Loop diuretic

605 (88.5)

365 (94.8)

0.001

 Digoxin

262 (38.3)

151 (39.2)

0.77

 CRT

55 (8)

32 (8.3)

0.88

 ICD

90 (13.2)

50 (13)

0.94

  1. Data presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or N (%)
  2. ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRT cardiac resynchronisation therapy, DM diabetes mellitus, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI equation), HF heart failure, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein, hs-TnT high-sensitivity troponin T, ICD implantable cardiac defibrillator, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MRA mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists, NYHA New York Heart Association, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, STfR soluble transferrin receptor
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840