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Table 3 Echocardiographic characteristics of subjects categorized by albumin-adjusted serum calcium quartiles

From: Association of serum calcium and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Echocardiographic characteristics

Albumin-adjusted calcium concentration (mg/dL)

p value

8.42–8.70

8.71–8.94

8.95–9.22

9.23–10.42

n

207

231

171

198

HFpEF, n (%)

11 (5.3)

27 (11.7)

23 (13.5)

45 (22.7)

<0.001

LVH, n (%)

47 (22.7)

87 (37.7)

61 (35.7)

104 (52.5)

<0.001

LV geometry

 Normal, n (%)

111 (53.6)

95 (41.1)

62 (36.3)

63 (31.8)

<0.001

 Concentric remodeling, n (%)

49 (23.7)

49 (21.2)

48 (28.1)

31 (15.7)

 Eccentric hypertrophy, n (%)

24 (11.6)

41 (17.7)

26 (15.2)

41 (20.7)

 Concentric hypertrophy, n (%)

23 (11.1)

46 (19.9)

35 (20.5)

63 (31.8)

LAD (mm)

37.79 ± 4.46

37.84 ± 4.89

38.18 ± 5.67

38.98 ± 4.98

0.025

AOD (mm)

32.73 ± 3.36

32.25 ± 3.41

32.39 ± 3.21

32.61 ± 3.14

0.42

LVIDD (mm)

47.45 ± 3.75

47.04 ± 4.83

46.95 ± 4.32

47.86 ± 4.27

0.177

LVIDS (mm)

29.67 ± 3.37

30.14 ± 3.64

30.13 ± 3.55

30.62 ± 3.77

0.072

IVSD (mm)

10.27 ± 1.45

10.85 ± 1.53

10.65 ± 1.60

11.13 ± 1.73

<0.001

PWTD (mm)

9.51 ± 1.25

9.92 ± 1.35

9.89 ± 1.20

10.09 ± 1.47

0.001

RWT

0.40 ± 0.06

0.43 ± 0.08

0.42 ± 0.06

0.42 ± 0.07

0.002

LVMI (g/m2)

94.11 ± 18.68

101.69 ± 21.65

101.00 ± 22.18

110.68 ± 27.90

<0.001

LVEF (%)

66.86 ± 5.33

65.73 ± 5.25

65.52 ± 5.81

66.12 ± 6.16

0.085

E/A

1.14 ± 0.20

1.10 ± 0.21

1.03 ± 0.21

1.03 ± 0.23

<0.001

DT (ms)

190.39 ± 61.03

203.78 ± 53.09

227.86 ± 47.37

246.88 ± 49.98

<0.001

  1. Italic values represent p < 0.05