Presentations of major peripheral arterial disease and risk of major outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE-ON study

Table 3 Hazard ratios for outcomes during follow-up according to different presentations of major PAD at baseline

	Absence of PAD	Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation	Peripheral revascularization	Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation (vs. absent PAD)		Peripheral revascularization (vs. absent PAD)
	Absence of PAD	Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation	Peripheral revascularization	HR (95 % CI)	p	HR (95 % CI)	p
All-cause mortality, n (%)	2101 (19.8)	92 (30.7)	63 (33.2)	1.39 (1.12-1.72)	0.003	1.31 (1.01–1.70)	0.04
Major macrovascular events, n (%)	2025 (19.1)	78 (26.0)	56 (29.5)	1.39 (1.11–1.75)	0.005	1.64 (1.25–2.16)	0.0004
Cardiovascular death, n (%)	904 (8.5)	50 (16.7)	29 (15.3)	1.91 (1.43–2.54)	<0.0001	1.52 (1.04–2.23)	0.03
Myocardial infarction, n (%)	665 (6.3)	29 (9.7)	25 (13.2)	1.50 (1.03–2.19)	0.03	1.73 (1.14–2.62)	0.01
Stroke, n (%)	924 (8.7)	24 (8.0)	18 (9.5)	1.02 (0.67–1.55)	0.92	1.54 (0.96–2.48)	0.07
Major clinical microvascular events, n (%)	763 (7.2)	28 (9.3)	11 (5.8)	1.44 (0.98–2.11)	0.06	0.88 (0.48–1.61)	0.68
Retinal photocoagulation or blindness, n (%)	632 (5.9)	24 (8.0)	9 (4.7)	1.53 (1.01–2.30)	0.04	0.94 (0.48–1.83)	0.85
End-stage renal disease or renal death, n (%)	160 (1.5)	4 (1.3)	3 (1.6)	0.84 (0.31–2.30)	0.74	0.94 (0.29–3.02)	0.92

Adjusted as in model 2: region of origin, sex, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disturbance of 10-g monofilament sensation, absence of ankle and knee reflexes, HbA1C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (and its square for macrovascular analyses), total-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, history of ever smoking and current alcohol drinking, use of antihypertensive, lipid lowering and antiplatelet drugs, and study allocations. p < 0.05 was significant

ISSN: 1475-2840