|
Variable
|
Non-EPA group (n = 53)
|
EPA group (n = 54)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Baseline
|
6-month
|
Baseline
|
6-month
|
|---|
|
Glucose tolerance test
|
|
NGT (n, %)
|
0 (0.0 %)
|
3 (5.7 %)
|
0 (0.0 %)
|
16 (29.6 %)**
|
0.001
|
|
IGT (n, %)
|
37 (69.8 %)
|
35 (66.0 %)
|
38 (70.4 %)
|
31 (57.4 %)
|
0.36
|
|
DM (n, %)
|
16 (30.2 %)
|
15 (28.3 %)
|
16 (29.6 %)
|
7 (13.0 %)*
|
0.05
|
|
Fasting PG (mg/dL)
|
111.2 ± 10.4
|
109.9 ± 10.8
|
105.8 ± 11.1†
|
104.5 ± 9.1
|
0.009
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−1.0 (−6.0, 4.0)
|
−1.0 (−5.0, 4.0)
|
0.69
|
|
PG-1h (mg/dL)
|
200.3 ± 32.9
|
197.0 ± 33.3
|
190.9 ± 34.4
|
172.9 ± 26.8**
|
0.0001
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−5.0 (−23.0, 14.0)
|
−15.5 (−33.0, 1.0)
|
0.006
|
|
PG-2h (mg/dL)
|
185.1 ± 25.5
|
180.1 ± 30.8
|
179.7 ± 32.5
|
162.2 ± 32.9**
|
0.004
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−9.0 (−21.3, 19.3)
|
−18.0 (−33.0, 0.0)
|
0.03
|
|
AUC-PG
|
348.5 ± 42.1
|
342.0 ± 46.9
|
333.2 ± 48.9
|
306.4 ± 41.4**
|
0.0001
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−7.0 (−13.3, 2.1)
|
−22.3 (−45.0, 10.0)
|
0.002
|
|
Incremental glucose peak (mg/dL)
|
95.0 ± 27.7
|
92.1 ± 29.1
|
90.9 ± 30.3
|
75.4 ± 26.2**
|
0.002
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−6.0 (−19.3, 15.3)
|
−16.5 (−33.0, −2.0)
|
0.006
|
|
Fasting IRI (µU/mL)
|
6.4 ± 3.3
|
6.1 ± 2.9
|
6.6 ± 3.4
|
6.5 ± 3.0
|
0.49
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−0.1 (−1.4, 0.7)
|
−0.2 (−2.0, 1.8)
|
0.63
|
|
IRI-1h (µU/mL)
|
53.9 ± 29.7
|
50.7 ± 25.2
|
54.3 ± 32.2
|
57.3 ± 29.8
|
0.28
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
0.1 (−10.6, 10.4)
|
0.7 (−7.0, 13.1)
|
0.27
|
|
IRI-2h (µU/mL)
|
64.4 ± 30.2
|
58.6 ± 27.2
|
61.8 ± 35.0
|
60.1 ± 30.5
|
0.78
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−6.0 (−15.3, 5.2)
|
2.5 (−15.5, 10.9)
|
0.2
|
|
AUC-IRI
|
89.3 ± 42.1
|
83.0 ± 36.6
|
88.5 ± 48.3
|
89.7 ± 42.4
|
0.38
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−3.7 (−19.5, 8.6)
|
4.9 (−7.4, 11.4)
|
0.08
|
|
AUC-IRI/AUC-PG
|
0.23 (0.18, 0.35)
|
0.24 (0.17, 0.29)
|
0.24 (0.17, 0.33)
|
0.27 (0.19, 0.36)**
|
0.06
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)
|
0.02 (−0.01, 0.06)
|
0.003
|
|
Fasting TG (mg/dL)
|
123.3 ± 59.2
|
120.8 ± 62.2
|
137.8 ± 67.6
|
103.0 ± 38.1**
|
0.10
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−3.0 (−35.0, 19.0)
|
−24.0 (−54.0, −3.0)
|
0.005
|
|
TG-1h (mg/dL)
|
138.5 ± 61.8
|
136.2 ± 64.0
|
150.7 ± 64.7
|
121.1 ± 37.7**
|
0.17
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
0.0 (−29.5, 16.5)
|
−20.5 (−57.0, 4.0)
|
0.01
|
|
TG-2h (mg/dL)
|
168.9 ± 74.8
|
171.6 ± 89.3
|
198.3 ± 78.7
|
150.8 ± 44.7**
|
0.14
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−2.0 (−33.8, 27.3)
|
−42.0 (−80.0, 10.0)
|
0.0001
|
|
AUC-TG
|
285.0 ± 126.5
|
282.0 ± 137.3
|
316.8 ± 135.1
|
250.0 ± 76.3**
|
0.13
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
−5.5 (−60.5, 37.3)
|
−51.5 (−127.0, 5.0)
|
0.002
|
|
Incremental TG peak (mg/dL)
|
45.2 ± 31.2
|
51.9 ± 43.7
|
60.5 ± 29.8†
|
47.8 ± 24.7*
|
0.54
|
|
Absolute Δ
|
4.0 (−12.0, 21.3)
|
−11.5 (−24.0, 3.0)
|
0.005
|
- P values represent comparison of each values between groups at 6 months except for absolute Δ
- As for absolute Δ of each values, P values represent comparison between the two groups
- Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or medians and interquartile ranges, as indicated
-
DM diabetes mellitus, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, NGT normal glucose toleransce, PG plasma glucose, AUC area under the response curve, IRI immune reactive insulin, TG triglyceride
-
† P < 0.05 vs baseline values of non-EPA group
- * P < 0.01 vs baseline, ** P < 0.0001 vs baseline
