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Table 4 Comparison of cookie meal test data between baseline and 6 months, and comparison of absolute change from baseline between the two groups

From: Effects of 6-month eicosapentaenoic acid treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin secretion ability, and concomitant endothelial dysfunction among newly-diagnosed impaired glucose metabolism patients with coronary artery disease. An open label, single blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial

Variable

Non-EPA group (n = 53)

EPA group (n = 54)

P value

Baseline

6-month

Baseline

6-month

Glucose tolerance test

 NGT (n, %)

0 (0.0 %)

3 (5.7 %)

0 (0.0 %)

16 (29.6 %)**

0.001

 IGT (n, %)

37 (69.8 %)

35 (66.0 %)

38 (70.4 %)

31 (57.4 %)

0.36

 DM (n, %)

16 (30.2 %)

15 (28.3 %)

16 (29.6 %)

7 (13.0 %)*

0.05

Fasting PG (mg/dL)

111.2 ± 10.4

109.9 ± 10.8

105.8 ± 11.1†

104.5 ± 9.1

0.009

 Absolute Δ

−1.0 (−6.0, 4.0)

−1.0 (−5.0, 4.0)

0.69

PG-1h (mg/dL)

200.3 ± 32.9

197.0 ± 33.3

190.9 ± 34.4

172.9 ± 26.8**

0.0001

 Absolute Δ

−5.0 (−23.0, 14.0)

−15.5 (−33.0, 1.0)

0.006

PG-2h (mg/dL)

185.1 ± 25.5

180.1 ± 30.8

179.7 ± 32.5

162.2 ± 32.9**

0.004

 Absolute Δ

−9.0 (−21.3, 19.3)

−18.0 (−33.0, 0.0)

0.03

AUC-PG

348.5 ± 42.1

342.0 ± 46.9

333.2 ± 48.9

306.4 ± 41.4**

0.0001

 Absolute Δ

−7.0 (−13.3, 2.1)

−22.3 (−45.0, 10.0)

0.002

Incremental glucose peak (mg/dL)

95.0 ± 27.7

92.1 ± 29.1

90.9 ± 30.3

75.4 ± 26.2**

0.002

 Absolute Δ

−6.0 (−19.3, 15.3)

−16.5 (−33.0, −2.0)

0.006

Fasting IRI (µU/mL)

6.4 ± 3.3

6.1 ± 2.9

6.6 ± 3.4

6.5 ± 3.0

0.49

 Absolute Δ

−0.1 (−1.4, 0.7)

−0.2 (−2.0, 1.8)

0.63

IRI-1h (µU/mL)

53.9 ± 29.7

50.7 ± 25.2

54.3 ± 32.2

57.3 ± 29.8

0.28

 Absolute Δ

0.1 (−10.6, 10.4)

0.7 (−7.0, 13.1)

0.27

IRI-2h (µU/mL)

64.4 ± 30.2

58.6 ± 27.2

61.8 ± 35.0

60.1 ± 30.5

0.78

 Absolute Δ

−6.0 (−15.3, 5.2)

2.5 (−15.5, 10.9)

0.2

AUC-IRI

89.3 ± 42.1

83.0 ± 36.6

88.5 ± 48.3

89.7 ± 42.4

0.38

 Absolute Δ

−3.7 (−19.5, 8.6)

4.9 (−7.4, 11.4)

0.08

AUC-IRI/AUC-PG

0.23 (0.18, 0.35)

0.24 (0.17, 0.29)

0.24 (0.17, 0.33)

0.27 (0.19, 0.36)**

0.06

 Absolute Δ

−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)

0.02 (−0.01, 0.06)

0.003

Fasting TG (mg/dL)

123.3 ± 59.2

120.8 ± 62.2

137.8 ± 67.6

103.0 ± 38.1**

0.10

 Absolute Δ

−3.0 (−35.0, 19.0)

−24.0 (−54.0, −3.0)

0.005

TG-1h (mg/dL)

138.5 ± 61.8

136.2 ± 64.0

150.7 ± 64.7

121.1 ± 37.7**

0.17

 Absolute Δ

0.0 (−29.5, 16.5)

−20.5 (−57.0, 4.0)

0.01

TG-2h (mg/dL)

168.9 ± 74.8

171.6 ± 89.3

198.3 ± 78.7

150.8 ± 44.7**

0.14

 Absolute Δ

−2.0 (−33.8, 27.3)

−42.0 (−80.0, 10.0)

0.0001

AUC-TG

285.0 ± 126.5

282.0 ± 137.3

316.8 ± 135.1

250.0 ± 76.3**

0.13

 Absolute Δ

−5.5 (−60.5, 37.3)

−51.5 (−127.0, 5.0)

0.002

Incremental TG peak (mg/dL)

45.2 ± 31.2

51.9 ± 43.7

60.5 ± 29.8†

47.8 ± 24.7*

0.54

 Absolute Δ

4.0 (−12.0, 21.3)

−11.5 (−24.0, 3.0)

0.005

  1. P values represent comparison of each values between groups at 6 months except for absolute Δ
  2. As for absolute Δ of each values, P values represent comparison between the two groups
  3. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or medians and interquartile ranges, as indicated
  4. DM diabetes mellitus, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, NGT normal glucose toleransce, PG plasma glucose, AUC area under the response curve, IRI immune reactive insulin, TG triglyceride
  5. † P < 0.05 vs baseline values of non-EPA group
  6. * P < 0.01 vs baseline, ** P < 0.0001 vs baseline
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840