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Table 2 General characteristics by quartiles of serum vitamin D levels in women (n = 82,506)

From: High levels of serum vitamin D are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women, but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men

Characteristics

Total subjects

Quartiles of serum vitamin D levels

p for trend

Q1 (<9.7 mg/dL)

Q2 (9.7–12.8 mg/dL)

Q3 (12.8–17.2 mg/dL)

Q4 (≥17.2 mg/dL)

n = 20,691

n = 20,593

n = 20,604

n = 20,618

Age (years)

38.5 (8.7)

37.8 (8.6)

37.9 (8.3)

38.3 (8.3)

40.0 (9.4)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

21.7 (3.1)

21.7 (3.3)

21.8 (3.2)

21.7 (3.0)

21.6 (2.8)

<0.001

Current smoker (%)

2.38

2.70

2.45

2.07

2.29

0.002

Alcohol intake (%)a

6.20

5.51

6.23

6.29

6.76

<0.001

Regular exercise (%)b

12.8

10.2

11.7

13.3

16.1

<0.001

Higher education (%)c

71.6

68.4

71.1

73.3

73.8

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

100.0 (11.0)

100.1 (10.9)

100.0 (10.9)

99.8 (10.9)

100.0 (11.2)

0.357

DBP (mmHg)

64.4 (8.5)

64.3 (8.4)

64.5 (8.5)

64.3 (8.5)

64.5 (8.6)

0.053

Glucose (mg/dL)

91.4 (11.6)

91.4 (11.9)

91.4 (11.4)

91.2 (11.2)

91.5 (11.8)

0.754

Insulin (μU/mL)d

4.81 (3.29–6.84)

4.96 (3.42–7.06)

4.92 (3.38–7.02)

4.79 (3.27–6.84)

4.55 (3.13–6.43)

<0.001

TC (mg/dL)

186.9 (32.6)

184.6 (32.1)

187.0 (32.8)

187.7 (32.5)

188.6 (32.8)

<0.001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

109.3 (29.6)

107.9 (29.0)

109.5 (29.9)

109.9 (29.6)

110.1 (29.7)

<0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

64.3 (14.5)

63.1 (14.2)

64.1 (14.5)

64.5 (14.6)

65.4 (14.8)

<0.001

TG (mg/dL)d

70 (54–95)

69 (53–95)

70 (54–95)

70 (53.5–95)

70 (54–96)

0.061

hs-CRP (mg/L)d

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

<0.001

Obesity (%)

13.0

13.7

13.7

13.1

11.3

<0.001

Abdominal obesity (%)

27.4

27.4

28.2

27.8

26.3

0.014

DM (%)

1.72

1.59

1.59

1.56

2.13

<0.001

HTN (%)

5.23

5.03

4.61

4.85

6.42

<0.001

FL (%)

11.8

12.3

11.8

11.8

11.1

0.001

MS (%)

5.6

5.8

5.8

5.4

5.2

0.001

CVD (%)

0.68

0.57

0.63

0.66

0.86

0.003

HOMA-IRd

1.08 (0.72–1.57)

1.11 (0.75–1.62)

1.10 (0.73–1.61)

1.07 (0.71–1.57)

1.02 (0.68–1.49)

<0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean (SD)
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C HDL cholesterol, TG triglyceride, hs-CRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, FL fatty liver, MS metabolic syndrome, CVD cardiovascular disease, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
  3. a≥20 g/day, b ≥3 times/week, c ≥college graduate, d data are expressed as median (IQR)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840