Table 6 Characteristics of the patients with LDL cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L according to the presence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

61.3 ± 8.9

61.1 ± 8.4

NS

 Gender, male/female

289/207

39/6

4.7 [1.9–11.2]

<0.0001

 Body mass index, kg/m²

30.5 ± 6.1

27.6 ± 3.7

<0.01

Diabetes

 Diabetes duration, years

14.0 ± 8.2

12.6 ± 7.5

NS

 HbA1c, %

8.4 ± 1.9

8.5 ± 1.9

NS

 Retinopathy, %

157 (32.8)

20 (45.5)

0.09

 Nephropathy, %

193 (59.9)

17 (53.1)

NS

 Microalbuminuria >30 mg/day, %

151 (35.4)

16 (39.0)

NS

  Creatinine clearance, ml/min

86.6 ± 28.6

84.8 ± 26.2

NS

  Urinary albumin excretion rate, mg/day

136.3 ± 506.7

139.1 ± 228.3

NS

  Proteinuria, g/day, %

0.4 ± 1.0

0.3 ± 0.3

NS

 Peripheral neuropathy, %

98 (44.5)

16 (53.3)

NS

 Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, %

40 (8.4)

14 (32.6)

5.3 [2.6–10.7]

<0.0001

Additional cardiovascular risk factors

 Hypertension, %

180 (79.3)

33 (82.5)

NS

  Mean blood pressure, mmHg

92.0 ± 11.1

96.3 ± 11.4

<0.05

 Atherogenic dyslipidemia, %

24(4.8)

7(15.6)

3.6 [1.5–9.0]

0.01

 Lipid parameters

  HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.3 ± 0.5

1.1 ± 0.3

<0.01

  Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.7 ± 1.0

1.9 ± 1.3

NS

  LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

2.0 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 0.5

NS

  Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

2.7 ± 0.6

2.9 ± 0.7

0.224

  Apoprotein A1, g/L

1.46 ± 0.30

1.42 ± 0.24

0.706

  Apoprotein B, g/L

0.80 ± 0.16

0.92 ± 0.14

0.034

 Fibrate treatment, %

38 (7.9)

5 (11.1)

NS

 Statin treatment, %

250 (51.7)

24 (53.3)

NS

 Smoking, %

111 (22.6)

20 (44.4)

2.7 [1.5–5.1]

<0.01