Beyond type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension: an axis including sleep apnea, left ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction, and aortic stiffness among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas

Table 1 Population frequencies of type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension by age and sex among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas

Age group	Sampling (n)		Type 2 diabetes				Overweight and obesity^d		Hypertension^c
Age group	Survey	OGTT	Previously identified %^a	Newly identified %^b	Total diabetes %	Pre- diabetes %^b	25 ≤ BMI < 30 %	BMI ≥ 30 %	SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 or current meds
Men
20–29	585	141	1.9	2.8	4.7	22.3	37.6	38.0	5.7
30–39	519	118	4.8	9.7	14.5	27.4	39.3	44.9	13.9
40–49	405	103	13.1	11.8	24.9	32.9	37.4	50.3	25.6
50–59	351	22	18.2	14.9	33.1	44.6	38.0	45.3	44.4
60–69	254	12	22.8	19.3	42.1	38.6	29.5	51.9	70.5
70+	208	12	24.5	25.2	49.7	44.0	37.6	55.3	79.5
Totals	2322	408	11.8^c	11.9^c	23.7^c	32.8^c	37.0^c	46.2^c	32.1^c
Women
20–29	707	263	1.4	1.9	3.3	28.5	31.9	41.1	2.7
30–39	615	310	3.4	7.5	10.9	39.1	32.4	47.4	5.3
40–49	565	279	10.3	10.0	20.2	40.5	29.8	57.3	21.7
50–59	434	38	24.9	9.9	34.8	35.6	30.3	59.6	50.6
60–69	298	32	32.9	25.2	58.1	16.3	35.6	45.0	71.2
70+	289	13	29.8	32.4	62.2	21.6	30.9	46.9	84.8
Totals	2908	935	14.4^c	12.3^c	26.7^c	31.9^c	31.5^c	49.5^c	32.4^c
p value			0.062	0.594	0.276	0.807	0.000	0.018	0.046
♂vs♀ and OR^e			0.85	1.05	1.19	1.01	1.28	0.88	1.16

^aRates for previously identified diabetes come from the representative household survey including 5230 individuals aged 20 and above
^bBased on oral glucose tolerance tests on 1345 individuals having no prior history of diabetes and then weighted to what would be seen in the total population
^cPopulation frequency among those 20 and above adjusted to the 2010 Census by the direct method
^dWeighted frequencies of overweight or obesity among those with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes based on the 1609 individuals from the household survey participating in full examinations
^ep-value based on Mantel–Haenszel Chi square testing for difference by sex after controlling for age effects. OR is the Mantel–Haenszel adjusted odds ratio

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