Inflammation, glucose, and vascular cell damage: the role of the pentose phosphate pathway

Table 1 Glucose consumption and lactate release over 24 h, and ratio between lactate production and glucose consumption in human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture

(a) Control
	Basal				10 ng/mL IL-1β			0.5 mmol/L sodium azide
Initial extracellular glucose (mmol/L)	Glucose consumption (pmol per cell)		Lactate production (pmol per cell)	Lactate: glucose ratio	Glucose consumption (pmol per cell)	Lactate production (pmol per cell)	Lactate: glucose ratio	Glucose consumption (pmol per cell)	Lactate production (pmol per cell)	Lactate: glucose ratio
5.5	5.3 ± 0.3	7.0 ± 0.6		1.3 ± 0.1	6.0 ± 0.3*	7.1 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.1	6.9 ± 0.1*	8.8 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.1
11	4.9 ± 0.6	6.4 ± 1.2		1.3 ± 0.2	8.1 ± 0.9*^†	9.7 ± 1.7^†	1.2 ± 0.1
22	5.5 ± 0.5	7.6 ± 0.8		1.4 ± 0.1	10.0 ± 0.9*^†	13.0 ± 1.6*^†	1.3 ± 0.1	13.2 ± 0.8*^†	17.7 ± 2.2*^†	1.4 ± 0.2

Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of 5–28 separate experiments
EV cells with a lentiviral empty vector, GLUT1+ cells with a lentiviral vector containing human GLUT1 cDNA
*P < 0.05 vs the respective control. ^† P < 0.05 vs the respective value in 5.5 mmol/L glucose

(b) EV and GLUT1+
Initial extracellular glucose (mmol/L)	Glucose consumption		Lactate production		Lactate:glucose ratio
	EV	GLUT1+	EV	GLUT1+	EV	GLUT1+
5.5	6.5 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 0.1	7.9 ± 0.4	6.7 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1
22	6.5 ± 0.4	6.2 ± 0.2	9.3 ± 1.0	8.6 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.1	1.4 ± 0.2

Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of 5–28 separate experiments
EV cells with a lentiviral empty vector, GLUT1+ cells with a lentiviral vector containing human GLUT1 cDNA
*P < 0.05 vs the respective control. ^† P < 0.05 vs the respective value in 5.5 mmol/L glucose