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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors by study groups and sex (age-adjusted rates, individuals >35 years)

From: The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity among immigrants from East Africa and the former Soviet Union: a retrospective comparative 30-year cohort study

 

Native-born Israelis (N = 17,626)

Ethiopian African immigrants (N = 20,768)

Former Soviet Union immigrants (N = 20,507)

P value

Age (years, mean ± SD)

 All

50 ± 11

55 ± 16

55 ± 17

<0.001a

 Males

49 ± 11

55 ± 16

56 ± 16

<0.001a

 Female

49 ± 11

55 ± 15

55 ± 15

<0.001a

Time since immigration (years, mean ± SD)

 All

NA

19 ± 6

19 ± 6

0.414b

 Males

NA

19 ± 7

19 ± 7

0.054b

 Female

NA

19 ± 6

19 ± 6

0.433b

Age at immigration (years, mean ± SD)

 All

NA

36 ± 17

35 ± 16

0.066b

 Males

NA

36 ± 18

35 ± 17

0.001b

 Female

NA

35 ± 16

35 ± 16

0.381b

Diabetes (%)

 All

13.4

17.4

14.1

<0.001a,b

 Males

14.7

16.8

13.4

<0.001a,b

 Female

11.3

17.9

14.6

<0.001c

Hypertension (%)

 All

17.5

18.6

26.8

<0.001c

 Males

20.1

18.1

26.9

<0.001c

 Female

15.2

19.1

26.5

<0.001c

Obesity (%)

 All

25.6

12.9

28.6

<0.001c

 Males

24.6

5.1

23.9

<0.001a,b

 Female

26.6

20.0

32.9

<0.001c

Dyslipidemia (%)

 All

55.8

49.9

50.6

<0.001c

 Males

56.7

48.6

51.2

<0.001c

 Female

54.9

51.6

50.0

<0.001c

Smoking (%)

 All

30.1

7.4

31.8

<0.001c

 Males

35.8

13.1

44.1

<0.001c

 Female

24.8

2.1

20.5

<0.001c

Total cholesterol (mg/dL, mean ± SD)

 All

190 ± 40

187 ± 45

192 ± 45

<0.001c

 Males

184 ± 41

188 ± 48

185 ± 46

<0.001a

 Female

194 ± 39

186 ± 42

197 ± 44

<0.001c

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL, mean ± SD)

 All

112 ± 35

111 ± 38

113 ± 40

<0.001b

 Males

111 ± 36

113 ± 40

111 ± 40

0.163

 Female

113 ± 34

110 ± 36

115 ± 39

<0.001c

Triglycerides (mg/dL, mean ± SD)

 All

138 ± 80

146 ± 100

139 ± 93

<0.001a,b

 Males

155 ± 94

160 ± 126

148 ± 109

<0.001b

 Female

124 ± 63

134 ± 74

131 ± 77

<0.001a

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL, mean ± SD)

 All

50 ± 14

48 ± 12

51 ± 14

<0.001c

 Males

43 ± 10

47 ± 12

45 ± 12

<0.001c

 Female

55 ± 14

49 ± 12

55 ± 13

<0.001a,b

HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio

 All

0.43 ± 0.16

0.45 ± 0.18

0.43 ± 0.19

<0.001a,b

 Males

0.37 ± 0.13

0.44 ± 0.18

0.39 ± 0.72

<0.001c

 Female

0.48 ± 0.17

0.47 ± 0.17

0.47 ± 0.19

<0.001a

BMI (kg/height2, mean ± SD)

 All

26.5 ± 4.9

24.6 ± 3.9

27.7 ± 5.4

<0.001c

 Males

26.9 ± 5.4

23.8 ± 3.1

27.2 ± 4.5

<0.001c

 Female

26.1 ± 5.4

25.4 ± 4.3

28.2 ± 5.9

<0.001c

Glucose lowering medication use(months, median and range)d

 All

6 (1–12)

5 (1–12)

6 (1–12)

<0.001a,b

Lipoprotein lowering medication use (months, median and range)d

 All

5 (1–11)

4 (1–10)

5 (1–11)

<0.001a,b

  1. SD standard deviation, NA non applicable
  2. aEthiopian African immigrants vs native-born Israelis
  3. bEthiopian African immigrants vs Former Soviet Union immigrants
  4. cAcross all study group
  5. dNumber months of medication use within a period of 12 months during the year 2012
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840