From: Low birth weight leads to obesity, diabetes and increased leptin levels in adults: the CoLaus study
Birth weight categories (kg) | p value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−2.5] (n = 73) | ]2.5–3.5] (n = 556) | ]3.5–4.0] (n = 266) | ]4.0+ (n = 193) | ||
Anthropometry | |||||
Height (cm) | 175 ± 1a, c | 175 ± 1a | 178 ± 1b, c | 179 ± 1b | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 80.8 ± 1.5a, c | 80.0 ± 0.6a | 84.5 ± 0.8b, c | 87.0 ± 0.9b | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 0.5a | 26.0 ± 0.2a | 26.8 ± 0.2b | 27.2 ± 0.3b | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 94.8 ± 1.3a, b | 93.8 ± 0.5b | 95.9 ± 0.7a, b | 97.4 ± 0.8a | <0.001 |
Fat (% of body weight) | 23.5 ± 0.7 | 22.5 ± 0.3 | 23.2 ± 0.4 | 23.6 ± 0.4 | 0.089 |
Fat mass (kg) | 19.3 ± 0.9a, b | 18.4 ± 0.3b | 20.1 ± 0.5a, b | 21.0 ± 0.5a | <0.001 |
BMI categories (%) | 0.004 | ||||
Normal | 28 (38.4) | 248 (44.6) | 99 (37.2) | 54 (28.0) | |
Overweight | 33 (45.2) | 236 (42.5) | 120 (45.1) | 102 (52.9) | |
Obesity | 12 (16.4) | 72 (13.0) | 47 (17.7) | 37 (19.2) | |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 15 (20.6) | 124 (22.3) | 68 (25.6) | 62 (32.1) | 0.043 |
Adipokines | |||||
Leptin (ng/dL) | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 0.635§ |
Leptin/fat mass ratio | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | 0.097 |
Adiponectin (μg/dL) | 8.1 ± 0.7 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.4 | 0.848§ |
Markers of glucose homeostasis | |||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.80 ± 0.14 | 5.64 ± 0.05 | 5.67 ± 0.07 | 5.60 ± 0.08 | 0.655 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 10.0 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 0.745 |
HOMA | 2.79 ± 0.3 | 2.45 ± 0.11 | 2.42 ± 0.15 | 2.50 ± 0.18 | 0.712 |
Diabetes (%) | 9 (12.3) | 33 (5.9) | 17 (6.4) | 11 (5.7) | 0.202 |
High HOMA (%) | 18 (29.5) | 139 (29.8) | 63 (27.9) | 46 (27.7) | 0.938 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 17 (23.3) | 134 (24.1) | 64 (24.1) | 61 (31.6) | 0.183 |