| |
Diabetic n = 581
|
Prediabetic n = 364
|
Non-diabetic n = 57
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Age (years old)
|
60.78 ± 8.67*
|
58.41 ± 9.28*
|
54.68 ± 8.39*
|
0.005
|
|
BMI
|
31.73 ± 4.54*
|
30.57 ± 4.26*
|
28.1 ± 4.54*
|
0.001
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
107.14 ± 11.69*
|
103.32 ± 19.88*
|
96.59 ± 10*
|
0.001
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
7.19 ± 1.26*
|
5.96 ± 0.28*
|
5.39 ± 0.21*
|
0.001
|
|
AST (mg/dL)
|
24.72 ± 16.67
|
26.31 ± 13.16
|
24 ± 6.37
|
0.219
|
|
ALT (mg/dL)
|
27.96 ± 23.73
|
28.58 ± 16.52
|
27.28 ± 13.88
|
0.136
|
|
Fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)
|
144.88 ± 72.72*
|
124.76 ± 62.81
|
105.75 ± 62,22
|
0.040
|
|
CRP (mg/dL)
|
2.76 ± 2.13
|
2.08 ± 1.86
|
1.61 ± 1.46
|
0.090
|
|
Insulin (mU/L)
|
12.51 ± 13.50
|
9.19 ± 6.60
|
6.92 ± 3.87
|
0.016
|
|
Serum ferritin (ng/mL)
|
97.45 ± 101.14
|
108.39 ± 100.77
|
114.58 ± 99.90
|
0.001
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
5.49 ± 6.49*
|
2.13 ± 1.60*
|
1.56 ± 0.94*
|
0.001
|
|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
|
128.53 ± 44.24*
|
94.11 ± 10.24
|
81.18 ± 6.7
|
0.001
|
|
Glucose 2 h OGTT (mg/dL)
|
257.28 ± 108.35*
|
125.13 ± 38.35
|
106.11 ± 21.09
|
0.001
|
|
HIRI
|
2227.52 ± 2631.69*
|
1170.36 ± 904.67*
|
768.57 ± 406.98*
|
0.001
|
|
MIRI
|
0.025 ± 0.016
|
0.019 ± 0.021
|
0.022 ± 0.044
|
0.100
|
- Values are mean ± SD. One way ANOVA
-
BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, OGTT standard overload glucose tolerance test, HIRI hepatic insulin resistance index, MISI muscle insulin resistance index
- * p < 0.05 posthoc Bonferroni analysis according three subgroups
