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Table 3 The control of 3B(s) in male or female patients shown by education and income levels

From: Association between socioeconomic status and metabolic control and diabetes complications: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Variables

All patients

Education

Household net incomea

Illiteracy

Primary education

Secondary education

College and above

p

<2000

2000–5000

≥5000

p

Male, n

11,955

277

1836

5738

4104

 

3941

5796

1804

 

SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

132.5 ± 15.48

136.3 ± 16.23

134.4 ± 15.87

132.6 ± 15.90

131.2 ± 14.51

<0.001

133.5 ± 16.15

132.0 ± 15.10

131.2 ± 14.57

<0.001

DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

79.4 ± 9.03

79.2 ± 9.30

78.6 ± 9.37

79.7 ± 9.08

79.5 ± 8.75

<0.001

79.7 ± 9.21

79.3 ± 8.92

78.9 ± 8.70

<0.001

HbA1c (%), mean ± SD

7.7 ± 2.07

7.6 ± 2.16

7.8 ± 2.20

7.8 ± 2.10

7.7 ± 1.97

0.169

7.7 ± 2.09

7.7 ± 2.07

7.8 ± 2.07

0.015

FBG (mmol/L), mean ± SD

8.5 ± 3.45

8.4 ± 4.25

8.6 ± 3.81

8.6 ± 3.42

8.3 ± 3.26

0.009

8.6 ± 3.50

8.5 ± 3.50

8.4 ± 3.28

0.040

TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD

4.8 ± 1.55

4.7 ± 1.23

4.7 ± 1.24

4.8 ± 1.77

4.8 ± 1.35

0.004

4.7 ± 1.45

4.8 ± 1.61

4.8 ± 1.64

0.035

TG (mmol/L), median (IQR)

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

1.3 (1.0–1.9)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

<0.001

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

1.5 (1.1–2.3)

0.521

LDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

2.7 ± 0.88

2.6 ± 0.90

2.7 ± 0.89

2.7 ± 0.87

2.8 ± 0.89

<0.001

2.7 ± 0.87

2.8 ± 0.88

2.8 ± 0.93

0.040

HDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.47

1.2 ± 0.38

1.2 ± 0.45

1.2 ± 0.46

1.2 ± 0.48

<0.001

1.2 ± 0.45

1.2 ± 0.49

1.2 ± 0.41

<0.001

Female, n

13,499

1418

3831

6198

2025

 

6098

5790

1160

 

SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

133.4 ± 15.95

135.3 ± 16.84

135.5 ± 16.27

132.4 ± 15.69

131.3 ± 14.93

<0.001

133.8 ± 16.47

132.8 ± 15.20

133.2 ± 15.90

<0.001

DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD

78.2 ± 8.87

77.8 ± 8.98

78.4 ± 9.04

78.3 ± 8.82

77.6 ± 8.59

0.001

78.7 ± 8.96

77.9 ± 8.69

76.7 ± 8.47

<0.001

HbA1c (%), mean ± SD

7.5 ± 1.98

7.6 ± 2.12

7.6 ± 2.02

7.5 ± 1.96

7.4 ± 1.83

0.012

7.5 ± 2.03

7.5 ± 1.93

7.7 ± 1.92

0.008

FBG (mmol/L), mean ± SD

8.3 ± 3.31

8.6 ± 3.65

8.5 ± 3.43

8.3 ± 3.24

8.0 ± 2.99

<0.001

8.5 ± 3.49

8.2 ± 3.15

8.1 ± 3.12

<0.001

TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD

5.2 ± 1.33

5.1 ± 1.22

5.1 ± 1.33

5.2 ± 1.38

5.2 ± 1.20

0.014

5.1 ± 1.25

5.2 ± 1.41

5.1 ± 1.25

0.040

TG (mmol/L), Median (IQR)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

1.5 (1.1–2.3)

1.6 (1.2–2.3)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

0.142

1.6 (1.2–2.3)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.248

LDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

2.9 ± 0.93

2.9 ± 0.93

2.9 ± 0.94

2.9 ± 0.92

2.9 ± 0.92

0.002

2.9 ± 0.92

2.9 ± 0.92

2.9 ± 0.96

0.107

HDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD

1.4 ± 0.56

1.3 ± 0.47

1.4 ± 0.51

1.4 ± 0.50

1.4 ± 0.84

0.049

1.4 ± 0.46

1.4 ± 0.68

1.3 ± 0.45

<0.001

  1. 414 male patients and 451 female patients without household income record. FBG: fasting blood glucose; SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol; TG triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein
  2. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Student’s t test and ANOVA. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi squared test and Fisher’s exact test
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840